True
Sovereignty refers to both the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members.
True
Foreign investment can be perceived as a threat to sovereignty.
True
Adherence to World Trade Organization (WTO) rules means a loss of some degree of national sovereignty.
False
At the top of the list of political issues concerning foreign businesses is the issue of taxation and tariffs.
False
Pressure from nationalist and self-interest groups affect the stability of a government
False
Saudi Arabia permits women to vote if they are at least 18 years old and married or 21 years old, if single
True
Nationalism can take an anti-foreign business bias
False
Nationalistic feelings are directly proportional to growth of domestic economy.
False
Economically prosperous countries do not display strong nationalistic feelings
False
The most severe political risk is domestication
True
The ultimate goal of domestication is to force foreign investors to share more of the ownership, management, and profits with nationals than was the case before domestication
False
Expropriation and nationalization often lead to nationalized businesses that are efficient, technologically strong, and competitive in world markets.
True
Barring Latin America, the risks of confiscation and expropriation have lessened over the last two decades.
True
Many countries have domestication as a condition for investment.
False
Price controls are normally targeted at nonessential products.
False
Political sanctions are the most effective means of achieving the desired goal of forcing a country to accept demands of the boycotting country.
False
Political and social activists have no impact on the normal flow of trade
True
Nongovernmental organizations affect the policy decisions made by governments.
False
Risk of violence is not a consideration in assessing the political vulnerability of a multinational company's activities.
False
International warfare is fast gaining popularity among nations.
False
Due to advancements in technology, it is easy to determine if a cyberattack has been launched by a rogue state, a terrorist, or a hacker as a prank.
False
As cultural and political scenario varies so widely across nations, there is absolutely no way to generalize tendencies for products to be politically sensitive.
True
Products that have or are perceived to have an effect on the environment are more likely to be politically sensitive.
Business Customs
concentrating on one thing at a time
Cultural electives
relate to areas of the behavior or to customs that cultural aliens may wish to conform to or participate in but are not required.
Cultural imperatives
business customs and expectations that must be met and conformed to or avoided if relationships are to be successful
Decision making types
top-level management decisions,
decentralized decisions, and
committee or group decisions
Management
Security and Mobility
Personal Life
Affiliation and Social Acceptance
Power and Achievement
Monochronic time
typifies most North Americans, Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians and concentrating on one thing at a time
Polychronic time
is more dominant in high-context cultures andis characterized by multi-tasking and by "a great involvement with people
Utilitarian ethics
does the action optimize the "common good" or benefits of all constituencies
Bribery
voluntary offered payment by someone seeking an unlawful advantage
Lubrication
small sums of cash, gift or service given to a low ranking official
Subornation
giving large sums of cash of the one offering the bribe.
Extortion
payments are extracted under duress by someone in authority from a person seeking only what he or she is lawfully entitled to.
True
Sovereignty refers to both the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members.
True
Foreign investment can be perceived as a threat to sovereignty.
True
Adherence to World Trade Organization (WTO) rules means a loss of some degree of national sovereignty.
False
At the top of the list of political issues concerning foreign businesses is the issue of taxation and tariffs.
False
Pressure from nationalist and self-interest groups affect the stability of a government
False
Saudi Arabia permits women to vote if they are at least 18 years old and married or 21 years old, if single
True
Nationalism can take an anti-foreign business bias.
False
Nationalistic feelings are directly proportional to growth of domestic economy.
False
Economically prosperous countries do not display strong nationalistic feelings.
False
The most severe political risk is domestication
True
The ultimate goal of domestication is to force foreign investors to share more of the ownership, management, and profits with nationals than was the case before domestication.
False
Expropriation and nationalization often lead to nationalized businesses that are efficient, technologically strong, and competitive in world markets.
True
Barring Latin America, the risks of confiscation and expropriation have lessened over the last two decades.
True
Many countries have domestication as a condition for investment.
True
Price controls are normally targeted at nonessential products.
False
Political sanctions are the most effective means of achieving the desired goal of forcing a country to accept demands of the boycotting country.
False
Political and social activists have no impact on the normal flow of trade.
True
Nongovernmental organizations affect the policy decisions made by governments.
False
Risk of violence is not a consideration in assessing the political vulnerability of a multinational company's activities.
False
International warfare is fast gaining popularity among nations.
False
Due to advancements in technology, it is easy to determine if a cyberattack has been launched by a rogue state, a terrorist, or a hacker as a prank.
False
As cultural and political scenario varies so widely across nations, there is absolutely no way to generalize tendencies for products to be politically sensitive.
True
Products that have or are perceived to have an effect on the environment are more likely to be politically sensitive.
False
A single company can directly control or alter the political environment of the country within which it operates.
False
Relations between governments and MNCs are generally negative, even if the investment improves the balance of payments by increasing exports or reducing imports.
False
Licensing is least effective when the technology is unique.
True
Planned domestication can be profitable and operationally expedient for the foreign investor.
False
It is illegal for U.S. citizens to pay bribe unless it is a common practice in the host country.
True
The principal agency that supports U.S. business abroad is the Department of Commerce (DOC).
False
The Foreign Credit Insurance Association underwrites trade and investments for U.S. firms.
Sovereignty
refers to both the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members
Political risks
Confiscation, Expropriation, Domestication
Confiscation
the most severe political risk, is the seizing of a company's assets without payment
Expropriation
is where the government seizes an investment, but some reimbursement for the assets is made; often the expropriated investment is nationalized to become a government run entity
Domestication
occurs when the government mandates local ownership and greater national involvement in a foreign company's management
Top political issues
the environment,
exchange rates
national and economic security
public health, e.g., genetically modified (GM) foods
Strategies to minimize political vulnerability and risks
Joint Ventures
Expanding the Investment Base
Licensing
Planned Domestication
Political Bargaining
Political Payoffs
Price controls
essential products that command considerable public interest. Pharmaceuticals, food, gas and cars
PSAs- political and social activists
range from those who seek to bring about a peacful change to those who resort to violance and terrorism to effect change
NGO's-Nongovernmental organizations
involved in peaceful protests, lobbying and even collaborations with governmental organizations
True
Sovereignty refers to both the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members
True
Foreign investment can be perceived as a threat to sovereignty.
True
Adherence to World Trade Organization (WTO) rules means a loss of some degree of national sovereignty.
False
At the top of the list of political issues concerning foreign businesses is the issue of taxation and tariffs.
False
Pressure from nationalist and self-interest groups affect the stability of a government
False
Saudi Arabia permits women to vote if they are at least 18 years old and married or 21 years old, if single
True
Nationalism can take an anti-foreign business bias
False
Economically prosperous countries do not display strong nationalistic feelings
False
The most severe political risk is domestication
True
The ultimate goal of domestication is to force foreign investors to share more of the ownership, management, and profits with nationals than was the case before domestication.
False
Expropriation and nationalization often lead to nationalized businesses that are efficient, technologically strong, and competitive in world markets.
True
Barring Latin America, the risks of confiscation and expropriation have lessened over the last two decades.
True
Many countries have domestication as a condition for investment.
False
Price controls are normally targeted at nonessential products.
False
Political sanctions are the most effective means of achieving the desired goal of forcing a country to accept demands of the boycotting country.
False
Political and social activists have no impact on the normal flow of trade.
True
Nongovernmental organizations affect the policy decisions made by governments.
False
Risk of violence is not a consideration in assessing the political vulnerability of a multinational company's activities.
False
International warfare is fast gaining popularity among nations.
False
Due to advancements in technology, it is easy to determine if a cyberattack has been launched by a rogue state, a terrorist, or a hacker as a prank.
False
As cultural and political scenario varies so widely across nations, there is absolutely no way to generalize tendencies for products to be politically sensitive.
True
Products that have or are perceived to have an effect on the environment are more likely to be politically sensitive.
False
A single company can directly control or alter the political environment of the country within which it operates.
False
Relations between governments and MNCs are generally negative, even if the investment improves the balance of payments by increasing exports or reducing imports.
False
Licensing is least effective when the technology is unique.
True
Planned domestication can be profitable and operationally expedient for the foreign investor.
False
It is illegal for U.S. citizens to pay bribe unless it is a common practice in the host country.
True
The principal agency that supports U.S. business abroad is the Department of Commerce (DOC).
False
The Foreign Credit Insurance Association underwrites trade and investments for U.S. firms.
Marketing research
The systematic gathering recording and analyzing of data to provide info useful to marketing decision making
Steps in marketing research process
Define the research problem and establish research objectives.
Determine the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives.
Consider the costs and benefits of the research effort.
Gather the relevant data from secondary or primary sources, or
False
Marketing research is a general noneconomic review of conditions affecting the marketing division's business.
False
The marketing research process should begin with determining the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives.
True
If data has been collected already by some other agency, then such data sources are known as secondary data sources.
False
Commercial sources, trade associations, management groups, and state and local governments are good sources of primary data for a researcher.
True
One of the reliability problems faced by a marketing researcher that seeks to do secondary research in a foreign market is that official statistics are sometimes too optimistic.
True
Less developed countries are particularly prone to being both overly optimistic and unreliable in reporting relevant economic data about their countries.
True
Checking the consistency of one set of secondary data with other data of known validity is an effective and often-used way of judging validity.
False
Data collected specifically for a particular research project at hand is known as secondary data.
False
In quantitative research, if questions are asked, they are almost always open-ended or in-depth.
False
The most often used form of qualitative questioning is the survey questionnaire that contains questions with a set of choices from which respondents select their response.
False
Quantitative research is helpful in revealing the impact of sociocultural factors on behavior patterns and in developing research hypotheses that can be tested in subsequent studies
False
It is generally better to collect primary data before turning to secondary data.
True
The ability to express attitudes and opinions about a product or concept depends on the respondent's ability to recognize the usefulness and value of such a product or concept.
False
Most problems in collecting primary data in international marketing research stem from the excessive cost of primary research in these markets.
True
With respect to international marketing research, cultural differences offer the best explanation for the unwillingness or the inability of many to respond to research surveys
False
Convenience samples are generally used when detailed social, geographic, and economic information is available for the sampling universe.
True
In international marketing, the greatest problem in sampling stems from the lack of adequate demographic data and available lists from which to draw meaningful samples.
False
The most universal survey research problem in foreign countries is fear of government reprisal
False
In Italy and many Latin countries, family generally means only the parents and children
False
In the decentering method of translation for questionnaires, more than two translators are used for the back translation; the results are compared, differences discussed, and the most appropriate translation is selected.
False
Back translation is a successive process of translation and retranslation of a questionnaire, each time by a different translator.
False
Consumers in America tend to respond to rating scales more conservatively than Japanese
False
Systematic monitoring of chat rooms, blogs, and personal websites to assess consumers' opinions about products and services is known as serigraphy.
True
Easy accessibility of volumes of up-to-date secondary data is the biggest advantage that Internet now provides to international marketing researchers.
False
In foreign markets, it is best to accept the information at face value because verifying information in foreign markets is extremely expensive
True
It is helpful for a foreign market researcher to have a skeptical attitude in handling both primary and secondary data
False
Centralization of the marketing research ensures that the field personnel and resident managers have more intimate knowledge of the subtleties of the market.
True
The ideal approach to multicountry marketing research is to have local researchers in each country, with close coordination between the client company and the local research companies.
Research design
a set of advanced decisions that make up the master plan specifying methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing data.
Primary data
data collected specifically for the particular project at hand.
Secondary data
data collected by an independent or individual other than the firm conducting research, often useful in market research.
Qualitative data
always open ended questions, in-depth responses or storytelling, that reflect the persons personal thoughts
Quantitative
a large number of respondents are asked to reply either verbally or writing to structured question using a specific response. Survey research personal interview, mail, telephone and or the internet.
Netnography-
observational research chat rooms, blogs, and personal websites that personal assess consumer's opinions