What is a Network?
A set of devices connected to each other using a physical transmission medium.
What is a Node?
Two or more computers are connected directly by an optical fiber or any other cable.
What is Network Topology?
A physical layout of the computer network and it defines how the computers, devices, cables etc are connected to each other.
What are Routers?
A network device which connects two or more network segments. The router is used to transfer information from the source to destination.
What is OSI reference model?
Open System Interconnection, the name itself suggest that it is a reference model which defines how applications can communicate with each other over a networking system.
What are the layers in OSI Reference Models? Describe each layer briefly.
#1) Physical Layer (Layer 1): data are transmitted using the type of signaling supported by the physical medium: electric voltages, radio frequencies, or pulses of infrared or ordinary light.
#2) Data Link Layer (Layer 2): At Data Link layer, data packets
What is the difference between Hub, Switch, and Router?
Hub - broadcasts all data to every port
Switch - creates connections dynamically and provides information only to the requesting port
Router - dedicated for routing network traffic
Explain TCP/IP Model
Specifies how data should be packaged, transmitted and routed in their end to end data communication.
What is HTTP and what port does it use?
HyperText Transfer Protocol and it is responsible for web content.
Transmit the web content and allow the display and navigation of HyperText.
TCP port 80
What is HTTPs and what port does it use?
used for secure communication over a computer network.
HTTPS provides authentication of websites which prevents unwanted attacks.
TCP with port 443
What are TCP and UDP?
protocols TCP and UDP are used to send bits of data over the internet, which is also known as 'packets'.
TCP - Reliable service were it tracks the data sent to ensure no data loss during data transmission
UDP - Unreliable service were it does not ensure w
What is a Firewall?
a network security system that is used to protect computer networks from unauthorized access.
What is DNS?
- Internets phonebook
- Stores public IP addresses and their hostnames and later translates into a corresponding IP address.
What is the difference between a Domain and a Workgroup?
Workgroup - All computers are peers and no computer has control over another computer
Domain - Network admin uses one or more computer as a server and provide all accesses, security permission to all other computers in a network
What is a Proxy Server and how do they protect the computer network?
Proxy Servers prevent external users who are unauthorized to access such IP addresses of the internal network.
The Proxy Server makes the computer network virtually invisible to the external users.
What is meant by 127.0.0.1 and local host?
IP address 127.0.0.1, is reserved for loopback or local host connections.
What is NIC?
NIC stands for Network Interface Card
- form of add-in card and is installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network.
What is Data Encapsulation?
Data Link Layer encapsulates each packet in a frame which contains the hardware address of the source and the destination computer.
What is the difference between Internet, Intranet, and Extranet?
Internet: Applications are accessed by anyone from any location using the web.
Intranet: It allows limited access to the users in the same organization.
Extranet: External users are allowed or provided with access to use the network application of the org
what is a VPN?
VPN is the Virtual Private Network and is built on the Internet as a private wide area network.
- used for secure transactions and confidential data can be transferred between multiple offices.
Given below are the 3 types of VPN's:
#1) Access VPN: Access VPN's provides connectivity to the mobile users and telecommuters. It is an alternative option for dial-up connections or ISDN connections. It provides low-cost solutions and a wide range of connectivity.
#2) Intranet VPN: They are
Explain DHCP briefly?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and it automatically assigns IP addresses to the network devices.
-When a new device connects to the network it sends a request to all the devices on the network. DHCP is the only one who responds.
What is SNMP?
Simple Network Management Protocol.
It is a network protocol used for collecting organizing and exchanging information between network devices.
What are the different types of a network? Explain each briefly.
PAN - home network
LAN - small offices, internet cafes
MAN- small town or city
WAN - can spread across the world
Differentiate Communication and Transmission?
Transmission - the data gets transferred from source to destination
Communication - means the process of sending and receiving data between two media
Describe the layers of OSI model?
Open System Interconnection
It is a framework which guides the applications how they can communicate in a network.
OSI model has seven layers
- Physical Layer (Deals with transmission and reception of unstructured data through a physical medium)
- Data Link Layer (Helps in transferring error-free data frames between nodes)
- Network Layer (Decides the physical path that should be taken by the d
Define various types of internet connections?
1) Broadband Connection - This type of connection gives continuous high-speed internet. In this type, if we log off from the internet for any reason then there is no need to log in again.
Eg: Modems of cables, Fibres, wireless connection, satellite connec
Multicasting
Sending one copy of data from a single sender to multiple clients or receivers (selected clients) of the networks which are in need of such data.
Broadcasting
Sending a packet to each device of the network is termed as broadcasting.
Topology
This deals with how the computers or nodes are arranged in the network. The computers are arranged physically or logically.
Protocols
Deals with the process how the computers communicate with one another.
How many types of modes are used in data transferring through networks?
1) Simplex: Data transferring which takes place only in one direction is called Simplex. In Simplex mode, the data gets transferred either from sender to receiver or from receiver to sender.
Eg: Radio signal, the print signal given from computer to printe
Bus Topology
In Bus Topology, all the devices of the network are connected to a common cable
Star Topology
In Star Topology, there is a central controller or hub to which every node or device is connected through a cable.
Ring Topology
each device of the network is connected to two other devices on either side which in turn forms a loop.
Mesh Topology
each device of the network is connected to all other devices of the network.
Define Piggybacking?
In data transmission if the sender sends any data frame to the receiver then the receiver should send the acknowledgment to the sender. The receiver will temporarily delay (waits for the network layer to send the next data packet) the acknowledgment and h
How a Switch is different from a Hub?
Hub broadcast out all of its ports, where a switch communications with directly out of the connected port.
Define Static IP and Dynamic IP?
When a device or computer is assigned a specified IP address then it is named as Static IP.
Dynamic IP is the temporary IP address assigned by the network to a computing device.
What is the difference between Firewall and Antivirus?
A firewall acts as a gatekeeper which prevents unauthorized users to access the private networks as intranets.
Antivirus is a software program that protects a computer from any malicious software, any virus, spyware, adware etc.
Explain DNS?
DNS acts as a translator between domain names and IP address. As humans remember names, the computer understands only numbers. Generally, we assign names to websites and computers like gmail.com, Hotmail etc. When we type such names the DNS translates it
How are networks classified based on their connections?
Peer-to-peer networks (P2P): When two or more computers are connected together to share resources without the use of a central server is termed as a peer-to-peer network. Computers in this type of network act as both server and client. Generally used in s
What is a Network?
A set of devices connected to each other using a physical transmission medium.
What is a Node?
Two or more computers are connected directly by an optical fiber or any other cable.
What is Network Topology?
A physical layout of the computer network and it defines how the computers, devices, cables etc are connected to each other.
What are Routers?
A network device which connects two or more network segments. The router is used to transfer information from the source to destination.
What is OSI reference model?
Open System Interconnection, the name itself suggest that it is a reference model which defines how applications can communicate with each other over a networking system.
What are the layers in OSI Reference Models? Describe each layer briefly.
#1) Physical Layer (Layer 1): data are transmitted using the type of signaling supported by the physical medium: electric voltages, radio frequencies, or pulses of infrared or ordinary light.
#2) Data Link Layer (Layer 2): At Data Link layer, data packets
What is the difference between Hub, Switch, and Router?
Hub - broadcasts all data to every port
Switch - creates connections dynamically and provides information only to the requesting port
Router - dedicated for routing network traffic
Explain TCP/IP Model
Specifies how data should be packaged, transmitted and routed in their end to end data communication.
What is HTTP and what port does it use?
HyperText Transfer Protocol and it is responsible for web content.
Transmit the web content and allow the display and navigation of HyperText.
TCP port 80
What is HTTPs and what port does it use?
used for secure communication over a computer network.
HTTPS provides authentication of websites which prevents unwanted attacks.
TCP with port 443
What are TCP and UDP?
protocols TCP and UDP are used to send bits of data over the internet, which is also known as 'packets'.
TCP - Reliable service were it tracks the data sent to ensure no data loss during data transmission
UDP - Unreliable service were it does not ensure w
What is a Firewall?
a network security system that is used to protect computer networks from unauthorized access.
What is DNS?
- Internets phonebook
- Stores public IP addresses and their hostnames and later translates into a corresponding IP address.
What is the difference between a Domain and a Workgroup?
Workgroup - All computers are peers and no computer has control over another computer
Domain - Network admin uses one or more computer as a server and provide all accesses, security permission to all other computers in a network
What is a Proxy Server and how do they protect the computer network?
Proxy Servers prevent external users who are unauthorized to access such IP addresses of the internal network.
The Proxy Server makes the computer network virtually invisible to the external users.
What is meant by 127.0.0.1 and local host?
IP address 127.0.0.1, is reserved for loopback or local host connections.
What is NIC?
NIC stands for Network Interface Card
- form of add-in card and is installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network.
What is Data Encapsulation?
Data Link Layer encapsulates each packet in a frame which contains the hardware address of the source and the destination computer.
What is the difference between Internet, Intranet, and Extranet?
Internet: Applications are accessed by anyone from any location using the web.
Intranet: It allows limited access to the users in the same organization.
Extranet: External users are allowed or provided with access to use the network application of the org
what is a VPN?
VPN is the Virtual Private Network and is built on the Internet as a private wide area network.
- used for secure transactions and confidential data can be transferred between multiple offices.
Given below are the 3 types of VPN's:
#1) Access VPN: Access VPN's provides connectivity to the mobile users and telecommuters. It is an alternative option for dial-up connections or ISDN connections. It provides low-cost solutions and a wide range of connectivity.
#2) Intranet VPN: They are
Explain DHCP briefly?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and it automatically assigns IP addresses to the network devices.
-When a new device connects to the network it sends a request to all the devices on the network. DHCP is the only one who responds.
What is SNMP?
Simple Network Management Protocol.
It is a network protocol used for collecting organizing and exchanging information between network devices.
What are the different types of a network? Explain each briefly.
PAN - home network
LAN - small offices, internet cafes
MAN- small town or city
WAN - can spread across the world
Differentiate Communication and Transmission?
Transmission - the data gets transferred from source to destination
Communication - means the process of sending and receiving data between two media
Describe the layers of OSI model?
Open System Interconnection
It is a framework which guides the applications how they can communicate in a network.
OSI model has seven layers
- Physical Layer (Deals with transmission and reception of unstructured data through a physical medium)
- Data Link Layer (Helps in transferring error-free data frames between nodes)
- Network Layer (Decides the physical path that should be taken by the d
Define various types of internet connections?
1) Broadband Connection - This type of connection gives continuous high-speed internet. In this type, if we log off from the internet for any reason then there is no need to log in again.
Eg: Modems of cables, Fibres, wireless connection, satellite connec
Multicasting
Sending one copy of data from a single sender to multiple clients or receivers (selected clients) of the networks which are in need of such data.
Broadcasting
Sending a packet to each device of the network is termed as broadcasting.
Topology
This deals with how the computers or nodes are arranged in the network. The computers are arranged physically or logically.
Protocols
Deals with the process how the computers communicate with one another.
How many types of modes are used in data transferring through networks?
1) Simplex: Data transferring which takes place only in one direction is called Simplex. In Simplex mode, the data gets transferred either from sender to receiver or from receiver to sender.
Eg: Radio signal, the print signal given from computer to printe
Bus Topology
In Bus Topology, all the devices of the network are connected to a common cable
Star Topology
In Star Topology, there is a central controller or hub to which every node or device is connected through a cable.
Ring Topology
each device of the network is connected to two other devices on either side which in turn forms a loop.
Mesh Topology
each device of the network is connected to all other devices of the network.
Define Piggybacking?
In data transmission if the sender sends any data frame to the receiver then the receiver should send the acknowledgment to the sender. The receiver will temporarily delay (waits for the network layer to send the next data packet) the acknowledgment and h
How a Switch is different from a Hub?
Hub broadcast out all of its ports, where a switch communications with directly out of the connected port.
Define Static IP and Dynamic IP?
When a device or computer is assigned a specified IP address then it is named as Static IP.
Dynamic IP is the temporary IP address assigned by the network to a computing device.
What is the difference between Firewall and Antivirus?
A firewall acts as a gatekeeper which prevents unauthorized users to access the private networks as intranets.
Antivirus is a software program that protects a computer from any malicious software, any virus, spyware, adware etc.
Explain DNS?
DNS acts as a translator between domain names and IP address. As humans remember names, the computer understands only numbers. Generally, we assign names to websites and computers like gmail.com, Hotmail etc. When we type such names the DNS translates it
How are networks classified based on their connections?
Peer-to-peer networks (P2P): When two or more computers are connected together to share resources without the use of a central server is termed as a peer-to-peer network. Computers in this type of network act as both server and client. Generally used in s