Hub
A device that repeats each frame to every machine connected to it. It hopes that one of the computers connected to it is the recipient
Switch
A device that learns the address of every machine connected to it, reads the recipient address on the frames and sends the frames along to the recipient connection.
Router
Device that enables LANs to connect and directs packets to the appropriate LAN
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Access method that all wired Ethernet networks use
OSI model layers
1. Physical (hub and cabling)
2. Data Link (switch and NIC)
3. Network (router and IP protocol)
4. Transport (assembly/disassembly)
5. Session (session tracking/naming)
6. Presentation (data conversion)
7. Application (APIs, POP3 and SMTP)
(PDNTSPA)
OSI Data link layer sublayers
1. Logical Link Control (LLC)
2. Media Access Control (MAC)
TCP/IP model layers
1. Link/Network Interface
2. Internet
3. Transport
4. Application
Connection-oriented protocols
Protocols that verify that a connection is good before sending data
Connectionless protocols
Protocols that send data without waiting to verify that the receiving system is ready
OSI Physical layer
OSI model protocol responsible for defining the electrical signals that travel the network cables and connectors
OSI Data Link layer
OSI model protocol responsible for making the rules for gathering and completing all the elements that make up a data frame and putting the whole thing together so that it can be passed to a Physical-layer device and on to the network?
OSI Network layer
OSI model protocol responsible for routing functions and logical addressing.
OSI Transport layer
OSI model protocol responsible for splitting packet data that are too large for lower-level protocols in to two or more packets. This protocol also ensures that packets reach their destinations intact and will resend them if not.
OSI Session layer
OSI model protocol responsible for session (data connection) setup, management and termination.
OSI Presentation layer
OSI model protocol responsible for "managing and translating the information into an understandable format that the Application layer can process further. Many "Application-layer" protocols function at the Presentation layer too, taking datagrams and segm
OSI Application layer
OSI model protocol responsible for the network-related program code and functions running on a computer system that either initiate the request (on the sending system) or service the request (on the receiving system)
TCP/IP Link (Network) layer
TCP/IP model protocol where the protocols used to describe the local network topology and the interface types used to communication with link local hosts are defined.
TCP/IP Internet layer
TCP/IP model protocol that establishes internetworking. In the TCP/IP Model this is where routing takes place
TCP/IP Transport layer
TCP/IP model protocol that provides a uniform networking interface that deals with opening and maintaining connections between hosts. Flow-control, error-correction, and connection protocols exist at this level, to include Transmission Control Protocol TC
TCP/IP Application layer
TCP/IP model protocol where applications create user data and communicate this data to other processes or applications on peer or with itself. Protocols found at this level would be SMTP, FTP, SSH, HTTP, etc.
TCP
Stands for Transmission Control Protocol. This is a connection-oriented protocol.
UDP
Stands for User Datagram Protocol. This is a connectionless protocol.