Be familiar with feedback loops (positive feedback cycles).
-Feedback loops: Melting sea reflects less solar radiation, more heat absorbed--albedo
-positive feedback cycles: warm air holds more moisture ? more clouds ? more warmth ? warm air holds more moisture (and so on); example: melting permafrost releases met
What are the greenhouse gasses?
-Water vapor
-Carbon dioxide, CO2
-Methane: released when permafrost melts
-Ozone
-Nitrous oxide
-Chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs
Distinguish between adaptation and mitigation.
-Adaptation: what try to do to survive--longer; People who have to adapt fastest are those living in developing countries; Relocation is not possible for all--need travel documents, some wealth, job transferable; Screwjacks: take out permfrost; Thermosyph
How will vector-borne diseases be affected by climate change?
-if winter not cold enough, insects won't die as can live in warmer climate; insects not dying, more and more of them overtime, would carry diseases to other places in the world; insects like climate change
-Tsetse fly: cause/carry sleeping sickness
-Anop
Distinguish between biological and social determinants of health.
-Biological: Inability to sweat as a side effect of medication
-Social: poverty, incarceration--in jail, age: elder or fetus/newborn (discrimination based on their age, may be abandoned)
Distinguish between direct and indirect effects of climate change.
-Direct: heat exhaustion, Vector diseases carried by insects, asthma (air pollution)
-Indirect: building/infrastructure collapsing, Vitamin D deficiency--rickets, Kwashiorkor (air pollution)
Describe the movement of lipophilic vs hydrophilic contaminants in the environment
-lipophilic: fat-loving and water fearing (hydrophobic); hide in sentiments or fats of living things/in the biota (bodies of animals), found in breastmilk; top of food chain (human babies) absorb the most bc consume breastmilk, eat other living things
-hy
Can you describe a molecule and say something about its potential toxicity based on its molecular formula?
-If the molecule of a chemical have a Halogen (Group 7 on the Periodic Table) in it, a benzene, ring-structure: then it is toxic
-Halogens: Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Bromide
What are regrettable substitutions?
-When one chemical is deemed/officially confirmed as not safe and banned, come up with new chemical that are just as or even worse than the chemical that was banned
-For example: PFOA replaced with GenX, BPA replaced with BPS
Explain how government regulatory limits are developed and what the limitations are.
-Government only test for acute effects/illness (such as something that'll happen right away with high does) such as cancer, eye/skin irritation
-Other endpoints should account for: low doses, overtime, sex ratio skewing, cognitive and behavior changes, r
Design an experiment that would test the toxicity of a given substance (I'll tell you what you would be testing).
-How it will be like on the test: given a chemical, perhaps test it on rats and study endpoints, come up with arguments from different sides (EPA, politics/Congress, businesses, parents, etc)
Review the Tuktoyaktuk article
Climate-related threats Tuktoyaktuk faces:
-Main threats to community (human) caused by climate change: Flooding, shore erosion (gradually wear away soil, wind, water, etc); Shore erosion because ocean keeps advancing inland due to shorter ice season, ris