Streptococcal Diseases
Large group of encapsulated Gram+'s
Cause well-known diseases:
-"Strep throat"
-Otitis media
-Scarlet fever
-Rheumatic fever
-Necrotizing fasciitis
Best known for hemolytic ability
Scarlet fever
strep throat + rash
Rheumatic fever
cardiac sequelae (mitral valves in the heart)
Necrotizing fasciitis
flesh eating strep
Alpha hemolytic
partial destruction of red blood cells
hemolysin
enzyme that produces Hemolysis
Beta hemolytic
total destruction of RBC's
Anhemolytic
No hemolysis
Hemolysis
lyses RBC's
Streptococcus pyogenes
causes most human disease
toxoid
inactive toxin
Diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Gram + bacillus; Generates potent exotoxin
Diptheria
Most distinctive symptom -"pseudomembrane"
-accumulation of dead tissue + white blood cells
-asphyxiation
Whooping Cough
Bordetella pertussis
Gram - rod
Dangerous childhood disease
Distinctive cough
Meningococcal Meningitis
Neisseria meningitides - "meningococcus"
Gram - encapsulated diplococcus
Meningococcemia
rapidly fatal septicemia
Haemophilus Meningitis
Haemophilus influenzae
Childhood disease - 6 mos to 2 yrs
#NAME?
an attraction to
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Problem again because of AIDS
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae - "pneumococcus"
Gram + encapsulated diplococcus opportunist
Pneumonia
microbial disease of the bronchial tubes & lungs
Lobar pneumonia
involvement of an entire lobe of lung
Double pneumonia
both left and right lungs involved
Bronchopneumonia
scattered patches of infection in respiratory passage ways
Strep pneumoniae
serious cause of meningitis
Primary Atypical Pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pleomorphic, no Gram rx
"Walking pneumonia"
"Atypical" = not Strep pneumoniae
viral-like symptoms
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Gram - encapsulated rod
Dangerous misdiagnosis:
-more aggressive than Strep
-not susceptible to penicillin
Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Gram+ anaerobic sporeformer
Botulism
Most dangerous food poisoning
Exotoxin inhibits release of acetylcholine - no muscle contraction - respiratory paralysis
Staphylococal Food Poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram+ coccus
Second most common food poisoning in U.S.
Exotoxin
enterotoxin
Clostridial Food Poisoning
Clostridium perfringens
Gram+ anaerobic sporeformer
Spores contaminate food - germinate - exotoxin
Typhoid Fever
Salmonella typhi
Gram - rod
Survives stomach, highly invasive, leads to septecemic state
Salmonellosis
Salmonella typhimurium
#1 food-borne disease in U.S.
-Severe diarrhea 1-3 days after exposure- poultry
Shigellosis
Shigella sonnei
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella flexneri
Shigella boydii
-small gram - rods
-mild diarrhea to severe dysentery
Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
unrelenting loss of fluids (purging diarrhea)
-transmitted in a water source
-curved, gram - rod
-enterotoxin
Escherichia coli Diarrheas
E. coli O157:H7 - current problem in undercooked hamburger
-gram - rod
-comes from cow feces
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Helicobacter pylori
-gram - microaerophilic rod
- survives stomach, produces invasive enzymes
Brucellosis
Undulant Fever"
-Brucella abortus (cows)
-B. suis (pigs)
-B. mellitensis (dogs)
-B. canis
Brucellosis
Occupational hazard for individuals working with animals or animal products
-farmers
-veterinarians
-dairy workers
-meat plant workers
Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
-gram + sporeforming rod
-primarily zoonotic
-pulmonary anthrax worst form
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Asphyxiation
Gram +
Gas Gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
Gram + anaerobe
Hyperbaric chamber
Bubonic Plague
Yersinia pestis
Gram - rod; transmitted by rat fleas
Bubonic Plague
Organisms multiply in bloodstream and localize in regional lymph nodes ("Buboes")
Becomes septicemic, leading to pneumonic plague
Lyme Disease
Most common tick-borne disease in U.S.
Erythema chronicum migrans = "bulls-eye" rash that expands from point of origin
Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Relapsing Fever
Borrelia recurrentis
Transmitted by lice or ticks
Rickettsial Diseases
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Epidemic Typhus
Endemic Typhus
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Macules - pink spots
Papules - pink-red pimples
Maculopapular rash - fusion of spots
Dark red, then fade
Epidemic Typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
Transmitted by body lice
Characteristic fever and maculopapular rash
Endemic Typhus
Rickettsia typhi
Transmitted by fleas