Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems

Blood

transports nutrients to and wastes from cells

Lymph Capillaries

transport intestinal fluid to blood

Lymph Nodes

contain fixed macrophages, B cells and T cells

Septicemia

persistence of pathogens in the blood

Sepsis

inflammatory response (swelling)

Severe Sepsis

sepsis with a drop in blood pressure

Septic Shock

sepsis with an uncontrollable severe drop in blood pressure

Endocarditis

Bacterial Infection of the Heart : inflammation of the endocardium (heart valves )

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Staphylococcus aureus (that could come after a tooth exstraction)

Rheumatic Fever

Bacterial Disease: inflammation of the heart valves that produces nodules on the body; pathogen = Group A , causes arthritis and fever

Tularemia

Bacterial Disease of Heart: "Rabbit Fever" Francisella tularensis, reproduce inside the phagocytes after the phagocytes try to eat them

Brucellosis

Bacterial Disease of Heart: (undulant fever) Brucella , fever that spikes and is transmitted via milk from infected animals or contact with infected animals

Anthrax

Bacterial Disease: Bacillus anthracis (found in soil), endospore forming;
3 Types
Cutaneous anthrax - spores enter through minor cut
Gastrointestinal anthrax - eating undercooked food
Inhalation anthrax - WORST one you will die ; inhalation of endospores

Gangrene

Bacterial Disease: Clostrdium perfringens ; death of soft tissue; introduced by a deep cut or if appendages were cut off then bound tightly;
portal of entry = skin
Reservoir = soil
Transmission = puncture wound

Systemic Diseases caused by Animal bite or Scratch

Bartonella bensellae (cat scratch disease) , Pasteurella, Clostridium and Bacteroides ; the animals get from soil then pass to human

Ischemia

Gangrene : loss of blood supply to tissue

Necrosis

Gangrene: death of tissue

Plague

Vector Transmitted Bacterial Disease: Pathogen = Yersinia pestis; Reservoir = rats, Vector = flea (Bubonicplague - bacterial growth in blood and lymph)
Portal of Entry = skin, respiratory tract

Relapsing Fever

Vector Transmitted Disease: Borrelia (spirochete) transmitted by ticks living on rodents; causing fever that spikes up and down

Lyme Disease

Vector Transmitted bacterial Disease: Pathogen = Beorrelia burgdorferi; reservoir = deer, Vector = ticks (that bite deer)
Portal of Entry = skin

Lyme Disease Phases

First sign: Bulls Eye rash
Second Phase: Irregular heartbeat , encephalitis
Third Phase: arthritis

Typhus

Vector transmitted Bacterial Disease:
Epidemic typhus - Rickettsia. transmitted when louse feces rub into bite wound, Reservoir = squirrels
Epidemic murine typhus - vector = flea , Reservoir = rodents

Spotted Fever (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

Vector Transmitted disease : Riskettsia rickettsii, mealse like rash but except this rash appears on palms and souls 2. Transmitted by tick

Puerperal Sepsis

Bacterial Disease: childbirth fever caused by strep. pyogenes, (nosocomical) transmitted to vagina while mother is giving birth

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Ebola)

portral of entry = mucous membrane, causes profuse bleeding , NO treatment

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)

Protozoan Disease: "kissing Bug" = vector, reservoir = rodents . trypanosoma cruzi , damages heart

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Disease: human herpes 4 infection (cold sores), transmitted via saliva

Malaria

Protozoan Disease: pathogen = Plasmodium
Vector = mosquito
portal of entry = skin
treatment = get bed bets

Schistosomiasis

Helminthic Disease: a worm that has a male and female part,
Pathogen = schistosoma
Portal of Entry = skin (finds you in water and burrows into your skin)
Causes ; granulomas (eggs lodged into your tissues)

Swimmers Itch

Helminthis Disease: an allergic reaction to the parasite in skin (egg larva burrow into skin from water and cause skin to itch )