Bladder Cancer
Schistosoma haematobium
Burkitt lymphoma
EBV
Cervical cancer
HPV-16 and HPV-18
endocarditis + Colon cancer
Streptococcus bovis
Floppy baby syndrome
Clostridium botulinum
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Helicobacter pylori
Gastric MALT B-cell lymphomas
Helicobacter pylori
Guillain-Barr� syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni
Hairy oral leukoplakia
EBV
HPV
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
E. coli (EHEC)
O157:H7
Hyperinfection syndrome
Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
Kaposi sarcoma
HHV-8
Katayama syndrome
Schistosoma spp.
Malabsorption syndrome
Giardia lamblia
Isospora belli
Fasciolopsis buski (giant intestinal fluke)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma
HBV
Reactive arthritis
Chlamydia
Reiter syndrome
Chlamydia
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome
Neisseria meningitides
Weil disease
Leptospira interrogans
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
EBV
Bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella henselae
Black poison
Leishmania donovani
Visceral leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani
Kala-azar
Leishmania donovani
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania braziliensis
Black vomit
Yellow Fever
Blackwater fever
Malaria (P. falciparum)
Blueberry muffin baby
Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
or Congenital Rubella
Break-bone fever
Dengue virus
Bull's-eye rash
Borrelia burgdorferi
Downey cell (atypical lymphocyte)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Eggs with small spine (almost no spine)
Schistosoma japonicum
Eggs with large lateral spine
Schistosoma mansoni
Eggs with terminal spine
Schistosoma haematobium
Heterophile antibody
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Hypnozoite
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Maltese cross
Babesia spp.
Morula
E. chaffeensis (Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Human anaplasmosis)
Red vesicular rash on palms and soles, with vesicles in mouth
Coxsackievirus A16
Ring forms inside RBCs
Plasmodium falciparum
Roma�a sign
Trypanosoma cruzi
Safety-pin (bipolar) staining
Pasteurella multocida
Sausage-shaped gametocyte
Plasmodium falciparum
Schuffner dots
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Rusty-colored sputum
S. pneumoniae
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Salmon pink sputum
Staphylococcus aureus
Growth on chocolate agar, no growth on blood agar
Haemophilus influenza B
Cystic fibrosis patient
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Green sputum
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Walking pneumonia
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Cold agglutinin positive
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Parrot fever
Chlamydophila psittaci
Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
Legionella
Mediastinal widening
Bacillus anthracis
Wool-sorter disease
Bacillus anthracis
Quellung reaction
Strep pneumoniae
Kleb pneumoniae
N.men
B.anthracis
H.influenzae
E.coli
Salmonella
safety-pin" staining
Yersinia pestis
Cottage cheese granuloma
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Acid-fast branching rods
Nocardia
Dimorphic fungi
Coccidiodes,
Histoplasma,
Blastomyces,
Sporothrix schenkii
Farmer's lung
Aspergillus,
thermophilic Actinomyces
Fungus ball
Aspergillus
Acute-angled branching hyphae
Aspergillus
Right-angle branching hyphae
Mucormycosis
rhyzopus, mucor
Ketoacidotic patient with black eschar on face
Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis)
:
Mucor,
Rhizopus,
Absidia,
Rhizomucor spp.
Dented helmets
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Swimmer's ear
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strawberry tongue and sandpaper rash
Streptococcus pyogenes
Bleeding pseudomembrane in throat
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Bull neck
Corymebacterium diphtheriae
Cherry red epiglottis
Heamophilus influenza B
Catcher's stance
Haemophilus influenza B
Seal bark cough
Parainfluenza virus,
Respiratory syncytial virus
Brassy cough
Bacterial tracheitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Koplik spot
Measles (Rubeola)
Swimming pool conjunctivitis
Adenovirus serotypes 3,4,7
Owl's-eye inclusion
CMV
Heterophile antibody positive
EBV
Downey cell
EBV
Acid fast oocyst
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Barrel shaped eggs with plugged ends
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
Beaver fever
Giardia lamblia
Chronic diarrhea in AIDS patient
Microsporidia
-Encephalitozoon intestinalis
- Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Clay pipestem fibrosis
S. mansoni
Colorless colonies on SMAC agar
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Cysticercosis
Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
Dane particle
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Flask-shaped lesions
Entamoeba histolytica
Gastric cancer
H. pylori
Growth at 4�C
Yersinia enterocolitica
Listeria monocytogenes
Growth at 42�C
Campylobacter jejuni
HUS
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Shigella
Hydatid cyst disease
Echinococcus spp.
Petting zoos
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Pseudoappendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Megaloblastic anemia
Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm)
Montezuma's revenge
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC)
Operculum
Trematodes (Flukes)
- Fasciolopsis buski ("Giant Intestinal Fluke") - golden, bile-stained eggs with an operculum on top
- Fasciola hepatica ("Sheep Liver Fluke) - operculated eggs
- Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis ("Chinese Liver Fluke) - distinct ope
Pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile
Rectal prolapse
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
Rice water diarrhea
Vibrio cholerae
Rose spots
Salmonella typhi
Seagull wings
Campylobacter jejuni
Scotch tape prep
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Sushi worm
Anisakis simplex
Whipple disease
Tropheryma wippelii
Honeymoon cystitis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Lumpy, bumpy" staining
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Pap-pili (P pili)
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)
Swarming motility
Proteus mirabilis,
Proteus vulgaris
Tumbling motility
Listeria monocytogenes
Uncomplicated hematuria in young boy
Adenovirus
Bipolar staining Gram-negative rod
Pasteurella multocida
Broad-based budding yeast
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Butterfly facial rash
Erysipelas
Copper-colored rash
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Fifth disease
Parvovirus B19 (Erythrovirus B19)
Sixth Disease
Roseola infantum
HHV6
Fish tank granuloma
Mycobacterium marinum
Flesh-eating bacteria
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Type 1: polymicrobial
at least 1 anaerobe in combination with more than 1 facultative bacteria
Type 2:
S. pyogenes with or without S. aureus
Type 3: gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
Honey-crusted lesions
Impetigo
- S. aureus (bullous or nonbullous)
- S. pyogenes (nonbullous)
Hot tub folliculitis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Lacy body rash
Human Herpes virus 6 (HHV-6)
Papular/pustular rash with different stages of evolution
Varicella zoster virus (VZV - chicken pox)
Pustular rash all in same stage
Variola (smallpox)
Rabbit fever
Francisella tularensis
Rash on hands/feet spreads to trunk
Rickettsia ricketsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
Rash starts behind ears, spreads down body
Measles (Rubeola)
Rose gardener disease
Sporothrix schenkii
Sandpaper rash
S. pyogenes
Slapped cheek fever
Parvovirus B19 (Erythrovirus B19)
Spaghetti and meatballs
Malassezia furfur
Beefy red ulcers
Klebsiella granulomatis
Clue cell
Gardnerella vaginalis (bacterial vaginosis)
Condylomata lata
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Condyloma acuminata
HPV 6, 11
Cottage cheese discharge
Candida albicans
Dew drops on a rose petal
HSV-2
VZV
Donovan bodies
Klebsiella granulomatis
Germ tubes
Candida albicans
Hutchinson teeth (notched incisors)
Treponema pallidum (congenital syphilis)
Growth on chocolate, not on blood
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Kidney-bean shaped diplococci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Koilocyte
HPV
Many PMNs, no organisms on Gram stain
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mulberry molars
Treponema pallidum (congenital syphilis)
Saber shins
Treponema pallidum (congenital syphilis)
Saddle nose
Treponema pallidum (congenital syphilis)
School of fish
Haemophilus ducreyi
Painful chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
Painless chancre
Primary Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Snuffles
Congenital syphilis
Strawberry cervix
Trichomonas
Thin, gray adherent discharge
Gardnerella vaginalis
Whiff test
Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis
CAMP-positive
S. agalactiae
Cold selection
L. monocytogenes
Encapsulated yeast
C. neoformans
Floppy baby
C. botulinum
Grows on chocolate agar, not on blood agar
H. influenzae
Home canning
C. botulinum
India ink stain
C. neoformans
K1 capsular antigen
E. coli
Koplik spots
Measles (rubeola)
Lancet-shaped diplococci
S. pneumoniae
Negri body
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus, Rhabdoviridae, ssRNA linear, helical, enveloped)
Neurocysticercosis
Taenia solium disseminated infection
Pink eye
Bacterial: Staph, Strep, Haemophilus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Viral: Adenovirus (most common) types 3, 6, 8, 19, HSV (most serious), measles paramyxovirus, VZV, enterovirus, coxackievirus
Others: chemicals, allergies
Positive VDRL/RPR test
Syphilis (T. palladium)
Ring-enhancing lesions
Toxoplasmosis gondii
t/c angioinvasive apergillosis
Spherule
Coccidioidomycosis
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1 (usually)
Tzanck smear
HSV
Weakly acid fast branching rods
Nocardia
hooked scolex
taenia solium
hooklets
echinococcus granulosum
(hydatid disease)
falling leaf motility
Giardia lamblia
flagellated, shield-shaped trophozoite with ventral sucking disk
Giardia lamblia
the only parasite that is acid-fast
cryptosporidium
anchovy-paste consistency of liver abscess
Amebic liver abscess
Entamoeba histolytica
Cysts in raw, undercooked meat
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
Diffuse intracranial calcifications
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Periventricular calcifications
Congenital CMV
Triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Undulating fever
Brucellosis
d/dx Trypanosoma brucei (african sleeping sickness)
West African sleeping sickness
Gambiense
East African sleeping sickness
Rhodesiense
Freshwater lakes
Watersports
Nasal irrigations
Naegleria fowleri
Quartan fever (72 hr)
P.malariae
Tertian fever (48 hr)
P. vivax
P. ovale
Hypnozoites
P.vivax
P.ovale
Duffy antigen
P.vivax
Irregular fever also known as "malignant tertian fever
P.falciparum
Banana shaped in peripheral smear
P.falciparum
Sporogony/sporozoites
Plasmodium sp.
Malodorous frothy yellow-green discharge from vagina
Trichomoniasis
Motile kite-shaped trophozoites on wet mount
Trichomoniasis
New world hookworm
Ancylostoma duodenale
Old world hookworm
Necator americanus
Giant roundworm
Ascaris lumbricoides
Copepods
Dracunculus medinensis
Adult female worms coming out of skin
Dracunculus medinensis
River blindness
(second most common cause of infective blindness after trachoma)
Onchocerca volvulus
Elephantiasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
African eye worm
Can be seen crawling under the conj
Loa loa
Differentiate ingestion of taenia
eggs
vs taenia
cysts
eggs ? neurocysticercosis
cysts ? taeniasis
swiss cheese appearance on head CT
taenia neurocysticercosis
fish tapeworm (largest tapeworm @ 10m)
Diphyllobothrium latum
Eggshell calcifications
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid disease
Anaphylactic reaction upon rupture of liver cyst
Hydatid cyst disease
Echinoccocus granulosus
Spelunking
Histoplasmosis
(histoplasma capsulatum)
Earthquakes, dust
Coccidiodomycosis
Captain's wheel
Paracoccidiodomycosis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Pityriasis versicolor
Malassezia furfur
3 dermatophytes
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Microsporum
Pseudohyphae/budding yeast
Candida albicans
Peanuts with aflatoxins
Aspergillus flavus
AIDS-defining at CD4 200
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Devil's grip
Bornholm's disease
Coxsackievirus B
Common cold
rhinovirus
Explosive diarrhea
Closed quarters, i.e. cruises
Norwalk/Norovirus
(Calicivirus sp.)
Most common cause of epidemic encephalopathy
Jap B encephalitis
SARS, MERS
Coronavirus
Reverse transcriptase
HIV
Hep B virus
virus segment reassortment associated with pandemics. drift or shift?
antigenic shift
virus segment point mutations associated with epidemics. drift or shift?
antigenic drift
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Measles
parotitis + orchitis
Mumps
Most common cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants
RSV
Warthin finkeldey cells
Measles
also, HIV, kimura disease
bullet-shaped capsule
rhabdovirus
rabies
robovirus (rodent-borne)
deer mice feces/urine
prerenal azotemia
pulmonary capillary leak
hemorrhagic fever
hantavirus
Ambisense RNA
Arenavirus
Leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and children
rotavirus
vaccine associated with intussusception, hence is given prior to 3 months
rotavirus
Cowdry bodies
HSV
Most common viral infection of the mouth
herpes labialis, aka cold sores
HSV1
vesicles on dentist's fingers
herpetic whitlow
HSV1
serpiginous ulcers on the cornea
keratoconjunctivitis sec. to HSV1
vesicular, painful lesions around the genitals
herpes genitalis
HSV2
kissing disease
infectious mononucleosis
(EBV)
fever
tender CLAD
splenomeg
pharyngitis
maculopapular rash after giving amox/ampi
infectious mononucleosis
(EBV)
nasopharyngeal CA among asians
epstein-barr virus
Monospot test
epstein-barr virus
most common fetal viral infection
CMV
pizza retinopathy" in end-stage AIDS patients
CMV retinitis
vesicle on the tip of the nose
hutchinson sign"
herpes zoster ophthalmicus
VZV
lace-like diffuse macular rash after 4-day high grade fever defervesces
Roseola infantum
Sixth disease
Exanthem subitum
HHV6
Most common cause of tonsillitis
Adenovirus
Military recruits (closed quarters)
Adenovirus
Guarnieri bodies
Poxvirus
Dumbbell shaped core
Poxvirus
Largest known DNA virus
Poxvirus
Eradicated viral disease
Smallpox
(Variola)
Umbilicated lesions, anywhere except palms/soles
molluscum contagiosum
hepadnavirus
hep b
Dependent on hep b as superinfection or co-infection
hep d
Farmer from abaca plantation
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Kinky
Brugia
Meyers-Kouvenaar bodies
Wuchereria/Brugia
Chyluria
Wuchereria/Brugia
barrel-shaped eggs with bipolar plugs
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
ground itch
strongyloides stercoralis
ascaris lumbricoides
harada-mori
strongyloides stercoralis
loeffler syndrome
ascaris lumbricoides
Cerebral malaria
P.falciparum
Ziemann dots
P.malariae
Maurer dots
P.falciparum
hemagglutinin + neuraminidase
influenza a H1N1
100% mortality rate
ebolavirus
gram negative actin rocket
shigella
gram positive actin rocket
listeria
shooting star motility
vibrio
higoumenakis sign
congenital syphilis,
t. pallidum
hydrops fetalis
congenital parvovirus b19
ventilator-associated pneumonia
pseudomonas
most common native valve endocarditis
staph aureus
endocarditis s/p oral surgery
viridans strep
prosthetic valve endocarditis
staph epidermidis
tricuspid valve endocarditis
staph aureus
panton valentine leukocidin
CAMRSA
hemorrhagic cystitis
schistosoma haematobium
adenovirus
bk virus
sterile pyuria
mycobacterium tb
urethritis
n. gonorrhea
struvite stones
proteus
CAUTI
e coli
candida albicans
most common community-acquired uti
e coli
argyll-robertson pupil
treponema pallidum
starling droppings, bat guano
histoplasma capsulatum
pseudomembranous esophagitis
candida
pseudobuboe
klebsiella granulomatis
bird fancier's disease
chlamydia psittaci
halberstadter prowazek inclusions
chlamydia trachomatis
most common cause of infective blindness
congenital trachoma
chlamydia trachomatis
most common STD overall
chlamydia trachomatis
shepherd's crook
leptospira interrogans
largest medically important bacteria
borrelia burgdorferi
sinus tracts draining sulfur granules, oral flora
actinomyces israelli
fite faraco
nocardia
grape like odor
pseudomonas
ecthyma gangrenosum
pseudomonas
shanghai fever
pseudomonas
green nail syndrome
pseudomonas
pneumonia of alcoholics
kleb pneumoniae
explosive diarrhea, infected wounds from salt water
v. parahaemolyticus
v vulnificus
chinese characters
corynebacterium
maltose fermenter
n meningitidis
purpura fulminans
n. meningitidis