which process 'copies the DNA strands':
replication
which of these involves transfer of DNA in solution:
transformation
which of these would turn on an inducible enzyme like 'lac':
inducer/repressor
which of these methods of sample preparation would favor anaerobic microbes:
use a CO2 chamber
which of these methods sterilizes with sound vibration:
sonnication
which of these uses organic molecules as both energy source and carbon source:
chemoheterotrophs
which of these would most likely produce alcohols or organic acids (and gas) as end products:
fermenters
photosynthesis involves all of these except:
biodegradation
the photosynthetic process used by photoautotrophs requires all of these 'raw materials' except:
glucose
light driven photosynthesis may form any of these except:
dioxin
which of these is the main pigment used in the process of photosynthesis:
chlorophyll
pili tubes move genetic information from donor to recipient:
conjugation
an example of a fermenting microbe is:
escherichia
energy in biological systems is primarily:
chemical
for mutations to have an effect on populations of microbes:
only a & b
the process of DNA rewriting information into RNAs is called:
transcription
the process of RNA codons being interpreted is called:
translation
the process of ribosomes reading coded messages and assembling proteins is called:
translation
three types of RNA may be formed from DNA templates; which of these is NOT a type of RNA:
xRNA
how many different kinds of amino acids many be used to synthesize the various proteins that compose living cells:
20
which characteristic is not true of plasmids:
required for cell function
the PCR reaction requires all of these except:
electrophoresis
the function of ligase is to
rejoin segments of DNA
which of these are important in cloning an isolated gene:
all of these
which gene is incorporated in plasmids to detect recombinants:
antibiotic resistance
a pathogen of plant roots that is used as a cloning host is:
agrobacterium
which of the following are pyrogenic cocci:
streptococcus, staphylococcus, neisseria (all of these)
the skin blotches in meningitis are due to:
endotoxins in blood
rheumatic fever damages the ___, and glomerulonephritis damages the _____.
heart valves, kidneys
what is the usual habitat of endospore forming pathogens:
dust and soil
the action of tetanus endotoxin is on the:
spinal interneurons
TB is spread by:
respiratory droplets
which of these infections is characterized as zoonotic:
anthrax
a unique visible trait of many variants of pseudomonas is:
fluorescent pigment
haemophilus influenzae requires ___ for growth:
blood
the severe symptoms of pertussis are due to:
killed respiratory epithelia
shigella is transmitted by:
food, flies, feces (all of these)
which of these is produced by streptococcus and dissolves clots:
streptolysin, streptokinase, pyrogenic toxin
which of these gram negative microbes causes whooping cough:
bordatella
which of these bacteria may cause ulcers:
heliobacter
jacob and monod named the entire unit for expressing a particular gene an OPERON. (T OR F)
T
when an inducer nutrient is absent from the cytoplasmic environment, the repressor gene codes for mRNA and repressor (T OR F)
T
in the 'lac operon', inducer molecules bind preferentially with repressor protein forms (T OR F)
T
scientists are learning to re- engineer bacteria to produce useful materials (T OR F)
T
cyanobacteria practice photosynthesis in a manner similar to eukaryotes like grass and maple trees (T OR F)
T
A control mechanism for protein synthesis is illustrated by the operon theory (T OR F)
T
when ATP forms aerobically, Krebs cycle enzymes are operating (T OR F)
T
some microorganisms contain extrachromosomal DNA in the form of plasmids (T OR F)
T
plasmids may code for antibiotic resistances or other selective features within cells (T OR F)
T
all mutations are induced, NONE are spontaneous (T OR F)
F
arthropod vectors of disease include mosquitos and ticks (T OR F)
T
mycoplasmas attack the lung cell membranes of hosts (T OR F)
T
treponema pallidum produces the gummas of syphillis (T OR F)
T
lyme disease symptoms include rash, arthritis, and aches (T OR F)
T
dental caries (cavities) are never produces by microbes (T OR F)
F
number of energy molecules needed to start glycolysis:
two
proton pumps in the ETS makes this universal energy:
ATP
reducing power molecules formed during glycolysis and krebs cycle:
FADH and NADH
molecule that recharges the krebs cycle (2 carbons)
acetyl coA
total # of energy molecules recovered from one glucose that has been broken down aerobically
36-38
co- enzymes and enzymes are made from these micronutrients
B- complex and vitamin
organic molecule produced anaerobically from pyruvate
ethanol
activated (phosphorylated) glucose is split into two molecules (glycolysis)
GAP and DHAP
the nitrogenous bases of DNA, A, T, G, C are bonded to:
deoxyribose
the DNA base pairs are held together by:
hydrogen bonds
which of these 'powers' electron transport systems (ETS)
proton pumps
which of these would not be a product of photosynthesis:
nitrites
which of these uses light as an energy source and organic compounds as a carbon source (purple nonsulfure & green nonsulfur bacterial):
photoheterotrophs
anabolism of proteins is also known as (opp. of catabolism):
protein synthesis
name one bacterial STD and the germ that causes it:
gonorrhea and neisseria gonorrhea
name one soil or arthopod borne bacterial disease and the specific microbe (NOT THE VECTOR) that causes it:
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Rickettsia rickettsii
name one food or waterborne bacterial diseases and its germ
salmonellosis and salmonella enterica
name one respiratory tract bacterial diseases and its germ
whooping cough and bordatella pertussis
glucose is activated with phosphates, cleaved to DHAP and GAP, forms pyruvate
glycolysis
DNA codes are written into mRNA codons
transcription
rRNA reads message and assembles specific protein at ribosome site
translation
electron transport system; chemiosmosis proton motive force operating
proton pumps
DNA copies itself matching base pairs
replication
acetyl coA combines with OAA and cycles to makes a lot of NADH and FADH
krebs cycle
which process is part of protein synthesis:
transcription
which of these involves transfer of genes via pilli:
conjugation
inducible enzymes:
are proteins, turn- on when needed, form I/R complex (all of these)
which of these methods ensures complete sterilization:
autoclave
which of these methods uses penetrating shortwaves:
UV light
which of these uses inorganic molecules for energy and carbon source:
...
which process 'copies the DNA strands':
replication
which of these involves transfer of DNA in solution:
transformation
which of these would turn on an inducible enzyme like 'lac':
inducer/repressor
which of these methods of sample preparation would favor anaerobic microbes:
use a CO2 chamber
which of these methods sterilizes with sound vibration:
sonnication
which of these uses organic molecules as both energy source and carbon source:
chemoheterotrophs
which of these would most likely produce alcohols or organic acids (and gas) as end products:
fermenters
photosynthesis involves all of these except:
biodegradation
the photosynthetic process used by photoautotrophs requires all of these 'raw materials' except:
glucose
light driven photosynthesis may form any of these except:
dioxin
which of these is the main pigment used in the process of photosynthesis:
chlorophyll
pili tubes move genetic information from donor to recipient:
conjugation
an example of a fermenting microbe is:
escherichia
energy in biological systems is primarily:
chemical
for mutations to have an effect on populations of microbes:
only a & b
the process of DNA rewriting information into RNAs is called:
transcription
the process of RNA codons being interpreted is called:
translation
the process of ribosomes reading coded messages and assembling proteins is called:
translation
three types of RNA may be formed from DNA templates; which of these is NOT a type of RNA:
xRNA
how many different kinds of amino acids many be used to synthesize the various proteins that compose living cells:
20
which characteristic is not true of plasmids:
required for cell function
the PCR reaction requires all of these except:
electrophoresis
the function of ligase is to
rejoin segments of DNA
which of these are important in cloning an isolated gene:
all of these
which gene is incorporated in plasmids to detect recombinants:
antibiotic resistance
a pathogen of plant roots that is used as a cloning host is:
agrobacterium
which of the following are pyrogenic cocci:
streptococcus, staphylococcus, neisseria (all of these)
the skin blotches in meningitis are due to:
endotoxins in blood
rheumatic fever damages the ___, and glomerulonephritis damages the _____.
heart valves, kidneys
what is the usual habitat of endospore forming pathogens:
dust and soil
the action of tetanus endotoxin is on the:
spinal interneurons
TB is spread by:
respiratory droplets
which of these infections is characterized as zoonotic:
anthrax
a unique visible trait of many variants of pseudomonas is:
fluorescent pigment
haemophilus influenzae requires ___ for growth:
blood
the severe symptoms of pertussis are due to:
killed respiratory epithelia
shigella is transmitted by:
food, flies, feces (all of these)
which of these is produced by streptococcus and dissolves clots:
streptolysin, streptokinase, pyrogenic toxin
which of these gram negative microbes causes whooping cough:
bordatella
which of these bacteria may cause ulcers:
heliobacter
jacob and monod named the entire unit for expressing a particular gene an OPERON. (T OR F)
T
when an inducer nutrient is absent from the cytoplasmic environment, the repressor gene codes for mRNA and repressor (T OR F)
T
in the 'lac operon', inducer molecules bind preferentially with repressor protein forms (T OR F)
T
scientists are learning to re- engineer bacteria to produce useful materials (T OR F)
T
cyanobacteria practice photosynthesis in a manner similar to eukaryotes like grass and maple trees (T OR F)
T
A control mechanism for protein synthesis is illustrated by the operon theory (T OR F)
T
when ATP forms aerobically, Krebs cycle enzymes are operating (T OR F)
T
some microorganisms contain extrachromosomal DNA in the form of plasmids (T OR F)
T
plasmids may code for antibiotic resistances or other selective features within cells (T OR F)
T
all mutations are induced, NONE are spontaneous (T OR F)
F
arthropod vectors of disease include mosquitos and ticks (T OR F)
T
mycoplasmas attack the lung cell membranes of hosts (T OR F)
T
treponema pallidum produces the gummas of syphillis (T OR F)
T
lyme disease symptoms include rash, arthritis, and aches (T OR F)
T
dental caries (cavities) are never produces by microbes (T OR F)
F
number of energy molecules needed to start glycolysis:
two
proton pumps in the ETS makes this universal energy:
ATP
reducing power molecules formed during glycolysis and krebs cycle:
FADH and NADH
molecule that recharges the krebs cycle (2 carbons)
acetyl coA
total # of energy molecules recovered from one glucose that has been broken down aerobically
36-38
co- enzymes and enzymes are made from these micronutrients
B- complex and vitamin
organic molecule produced anaerobically from pyruvate
ethanol
activated (phosphorylated) glucose is split into two molecules (glycolysis)
GAP and DHAP
the nitrogenous bases of DNA, A, T, G, C are bonded to:
deoxyribose
the DNA base pairs are held together by:
hydrogen bonds
which of these 'powers' electron transport systems (ETS)
proton pumps
which of these would not be a product of photosynthesis:
nitrites
which of these uses light as an energy source and organic compounds as a carbon source (purple nonsulfure & green nonsulfur bacterial):
photoheterotrophs
anabolism of proteins is also known as (opp. of catabolism):
protein synthesis
name one bacterial STD and the germ that causes it:
gonorrhea and neisseria gonorrhea
name one soil or arthopod borne bacterial disease and the specific microbe (NOT THE VECTOR) that causes it:
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Rickettsia rickettsii
name one food or waterborne bacterial diseases and its germ
salmonellosis and salmonella enterica
name one respiratory tract bacterial diseases and its germ
whooping cough and bordatella pertussis
glucose is activated with phosphates, cleaved to DHAP and GAP, forms pyruvate
glycolysis
DNA codes are written into mRNA codons
transcription
rRNA reads message and assembles specific protein at ribosome site
translation
electron transport system; chemiosmosis proton motive force operating
proton pumps
DNA copies itself matching base pairs
replication
acetyl coA combines with OAA and cycles to makes a lot of NADH and FADH
krebs cycle
which process is part of protein synthesis:
transcription
which of these involves transfer of genes via pilli:
conjugation
inducible enzymes:
are proteins, turn- on when needed, form I/R complex (all of these)
which of these methods ensures complete sterilization:
autoclave
which of these methods uses penetrating shortwaves:
UV light
which of these uses inorganic molecules for energy and carbon source:
...