Bacterial sepsis, septic, toxic shock
Systemic spread of immune response causing edema - lowering blood pressure.
Septic shock = blood pressure that is too low to maintain proper kidney and respiratory functions
Caused by bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, GI tract, and urinary tract. Or infections associated with wounds, animal bites, and hospital acquired portals of entry.
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Rheumatic fever
Pathogen: Streptococcus pyogenes
Signs/Symptoms: Join pain and swelling, inflammation and scarring of heart valves, heart murmur.
Transmission: Sequela of streptococcal pharyngitis
Tests: Serology, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram
Antimicrobial drugs: Benzathine, benzylpenicillin
Gas Gangrene
Pathogen: Clostridium perfringens and others
Signs/Symptoms: Rapidly spreading myonecrosis, edema, yellowish and then purple discharge from wound, pockets of gas in tissues, septic shock and death
Transmission: Germination of endospores in ischemic tissues, typically due to injury or chronic disease (ex: diabetes)
Tests: Wound culture
Antimicrobial drugs: Penicillin G, clindamycin, metronidazole
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Pathogen: Rickettsia rickettsii
Signs/Symptoms: high fever, headaches, body aches, nausea and vomiting, petechial rash; potentially fatal hypotension and ischemia due to blood coagulation
Transmission: From rodent reservoir via tick vectors
Tests: Biopsy, serology, PCR
Antimicrobial drugs: Doxycycline, chloramphenicol
Lyme Disease
Pathogen: Borrelia burgdorferi
Signs/Symptoms:
- Early localized: bull's eye rash, malaise, headache, fever, muscle stiffness
- early disseminated: stiff neck, facial paralysis, arthritis, carditis
- late-stage: arthritis, meningitis, possibly fatal
Transmission: from deer, rodent, bird reservoirs via tick vector
Tests: IFA, serology, and ELISA
Antimicrobial drugs: amoxicillin, doxycycline, penicillin G, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone
Plague
Pathogen: Yersinia pestis
Signs/Symptoms:
- Bubonic: buboes, fever, internal hemorrhaging
- septicemic: fever, abdominal pain, shock, DIC, necrosis in extremities
- pneumonic: acute pneumonia, respiratory failure, shock
- all forms have high mortality rates
Transmission: Transmitted from mammal reservoirs via flea vectors or consumption of infected animal. Transmission of pneumonic plague between humans via respiratory aerosols
Tests: culture of bacteria from lymph, blood, or sputum samples; DFA, ELISA
Antimicrobial drugs: Gentamycin, fluoroquinolones, others
Gas gangrene photo
Plague photo
looks like a safety pin on culture
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever photo
Lyme Disease photo