The skin is an effective barrier against invading microbes because
a) the outer layers are dead and covered in salt.
b) no microbes are able to survive on the surface.
c) it is well supplied with blood vessels to flush microbes from the surface.
d) the su
A
Normal skin microbiota are able to grow on the skin because of their resistance to
a) salt
b) sebum, salt, and keratin
c) sebum and salt
d) sebum
e) keratin
C
An infection of a hair follicle at the base of an eyelid is called a
a) carbuncle
b) furuncle
c) sty
d) pimple
e) macule
C
One feature that differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from other staphylococci is its
a) beta-lactamase production
b) slime layer production
c) coagulase production
d) production of both a slime layer and coagulase
e) production of both coagulase and beta
E
Virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus can resist penicillin because they produce
a) a slime layer
b) lipase
c) beta-lactamase
d) coagulase
e) staphylokinase
C
Which of the following is a complication that may result from a Streptococcus pyogenes skin infection?
a) scalded skin syndrome
b) erysipelas
c) a carbuncle
d) shingles
e) a sty
B
Impetigo can be caused by
a) Staphylococcus epidermidis
b) Streptococcus pyogenes
c) Staphylococcus aureus
d) both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
e) both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes
D
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by
a) coagulase
b) exfoliative toxins
c) beta-lactamase
d) staphylokinase
e) lipase
B
The common name for a furuncle is
a) a sty
b) acne
c) a rash
d) a boil
e) a wart
D
Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by
a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Rickettsia rickettsii
d) Streptococcus pyogenes
e) both Streptococcus pyogenes ans Staphylococcus aureus
E
A specific wavelength of blue light can be used to treat
a) bacteremia
b) swimmer's ear
c) acne
d) RMSF
e) cat scratch fever
C
Cat scratch disease is caused by
a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Bartonella henselae
d) Streptococcus pyogenes
e) Rickettsia rickettsii
C
Anthrax derives its name from which of the following aspects of the disease?
a) the appearance of eschars on the skin
b) the necessity of burning animals killed by the disease
c) the shape of B. anthracis colonies on agar
d) the microscopic appearance of
A
The resistance of Pseudomonas to a wide variety of antimicrobial drugs is due, in part, to its
a) production of exoenzyme S.
b) production of pyocyanin
c) ability to utilize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources
d) ability to pump drugs out of the c
D
Petechiae are subcutaneous hemorrhages associated with which of the following?
a) smallpox
b) RMSF
c) anthrax
d) necrotizing fasciitis
e) herpes gladiatorum
B
Transovarian transmission is a process by which
a) a pathogen infects the ovaries of its host
b) a pathogen is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated eggs
c) an infected female vector transmits a pathogen to the eggs in its ovaries
d) a pathoge
C
What is the pathogenic process underlying Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
a) interference with host cell metabolism
b) stimulation of a strong immune response
c) damage to blood vessels
d) formation of biofilms in host tissues
e) cellular damage via potent
C
Pox" is a term synonymous with which of the following?
a) a macule
b) a pustule
c) a whitlow
d) a vesicle
e) a papule
B
Smallpox was the first human disease to be
a) analyzed and studied on the genetic level
b) identified as a viral disease
c) treated with antiviral drugs
d) globally eradicated
e) re-created in an experimental animal
D
Clostridium perfringens is a strict anaerobe that is a common environmental contaminant and consequently of wounds due to its ability to
a) invade cells
b) produce hyaluronidase
c) produce endospores
d) form biofilms
e) grown in an insect vector
C
Acyclovir is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat
a) measles
b) anthrax
c) herpes
d) acne
e) smallpox
C
Shingles, or herpes zoster, is caused by the same virus that causes
a) whitlows
b) smallpox
c) measles
d) chickenpox
e) German measles
D
Common skin warts are the result of infection with
a) herpesviruses
b) moriliviruses
c) coxsackieviruses
d) poxviruses
e) papillomaviruses
E
Some strains of Papillomavirus are oncogenic due to their ability to
a) produce deoxyribonucleases
b) integrate into the host cell DNA
c) escape the phagosome before lysosome fusion
d) lie dormant in cells for years
e) cause extensive damage to blood vess
B
Erythema infectiosum is also known as
a) roseola
b) three-day measles
c) rubeola
d) herpangina
e) fifth disease
E
Which of the following can cause birth defects?
a) roseola
b) smallpox
c) rubella
d) measles
e) chickenpox
C
Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?
a) HHV-6 : roseola
b) variola : smallpox
c) German measles : rubella
d) measles : rubeola
e) herpes zoster : genital warts
E
Which of the following is becoming rarer as a result of childhood vaccinations?
a) warts
b) roseola
c) impetigo
d) neonatal herpes
e) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
E
Ringworm" is caused by
a) parasitic worms that infect the skin
b) immunosuppression due to HIV infection
c) a hypersensitivity reaction caused by superficial contact with dermatophytes
d) dermatophytes that have invaded deep layers of the skin
e) dermato
E
Ultraviolet illumination is the quickest way to diagnose infections of which of the following?
a) Piedraia hortae
b) Pseudallescheria
c) Malassezia furfur
d) Leishmania sp.
e) Sarcoptes scabiei
C
Sporotrichosis is more commonly known as
a) rose-gardener's disease
b) ringworm
c) white piedra
d) herpangina
e) scabies
A
A man is suffering severe foot pain in the area of what looks like a large wart. He reports he has had the wart for some time, and the pain and swelling have developed slowly. A sample from the lesion shows that the pus contains large cells that stain a g
D
A child complains of intensely itchy "pimples" on the hands and wrists. The lesions are small inflamed streaks, but do not appear to contain pus. The child's condition may be the result of infection with
a) Staphylococcus epidermidis
b) Pseudomonas aerugi
C
Which of the following forms of leishmaniasis is typically fatal?
a) mucocutaneous
b) cutaneous
c) visceral
d) both cutaneous and mucocutaneous are frequently fatal
e) visceral, mucocutaneous, and cutaneous are all potentially fatal
C
A small puncture wound on a woman's arm has become swollen, hot to the touch, and intensely painful. There is tissue necrosis, but it is not "gassy," and under the microscope Gram-positive cocci in chains are present. Which of the following microbes is li
C
A pigment produced by an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to tissue damage is
a) pyocyanin
b) streptokinase
c) hyaluronidase
d) lipase
e) M protein
A
Which of the following is/are anti-phagocytic?
a) protein A
b) leukocidin
c) M protein
d)both protein A and M protein
e)protein A, M protein, and lekocidin
E
Which of the following bacterial pathogens is an intracellular parasite?
a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
b) Bacillus anthracis
c) Bartonella henselae
d) Propionibacterium acnes
e) Clostridium perfringens
C
The rash described as "teardrops on rose petals" is characteristic of
a) warts
b) smallpox
c) anthrax
d) chickenpox
e) herpes
D
A child has a rash on the face, arms, upper legs and torso that is splotchy, and intensifies after being in the sun. The child does not complain of fever or itchiness. The signs and symptoms are consistent with
a) cat scratch disease
b) fifth disease
c) r
B
A sample from an abscess is stained and examined under the microscope. A Gram stain appears uniformly pink, but a GMS (Gomori methenamine sliver) stain reveals brownish filaments in the sample. These findings suggest
a) sporotrichosis
b) necrotizing fasci
E
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is fatal in 100% of untreated cases.
F
Clostridium perfringens causes necrotizing fasciitis.
F
M protein is a virulence factor associated with group A streptococci.
T
Humans are the only hosts of Rickettsia rickettsii.
F
Because they are common soil saprobes, dermatophytes are fungi that are not contagious in humans.
F
Chromoblastomycosis is rarely a severe disease and can be treated easily with appropriate drugs.
F
Smallpox vaccination was originally discontinued in the 1980's because of adverse effects of the vaccine.
T
Herpesvirus infections can be controlled with chemotherapeutic agents.
T
In pregnant women, roseola infection can result in teratogenic birth defects.
F