Emerita Analoga
Sand Crab (dissection) - look for cystacanths
Blephariopoda Occidentalis
mole crab
Phylum: Arthopoda
Subphylum - crustacea
subclass - copepod
-diverse free living and symbiotic
-mostly marine, some fresh water
Subclass - Branchiura
-two adhesive disks and piecing stylet
-ectoparasite of fishes
Subclass - Pentastomida
-highly modified arthropods
-tropically transmitted
-complex L.C.
Respiratory tract of DH
Subclass - thecostraca
super order- Thoracica
-typical barnacle -->whale
Super order - Rhizocephala
-"Root Head"
-mostly endoparasites of crustaceas
-castrators
-behavior mod
Pugettia producta
-LIVE DEMO
-kelp crab infected with heterosacchus californicus
-remember what the infected sac looks like**
Phylum - arthropoda
subphylum - crustacea
Class - malacostraca
-crabs, isopods, decapods, etc.
Order- Amphipoda
-mostly free living
Pathogen
-reproduces on host, contact between whales need for transmission (mom --> calf; mating)
Order - isopoda
Superfamily - cyanothoidea
Family - Cymothoidae
- gills and body surface
- can be FACULTATIVE CASTRATORS
- Infective stage LARVAE --> Manca Larvae
Family - Bopyridae
-look for in PACHYCHELES --> crab
-two host L.C.
-infective stage larval
-Epicardium larva infects copepod (IH)
-Cyptoniscus larval infects decapod (DH)
Facultative Castrator
-feed on hemolymph can suppress host reproductive
Family - entoniscidae
-look in Hemigraspus Oregonesis --> small shore crab
-two host LC with epicardium and cytoniscus
-Females - vestigial limbs, loss of exoskeleton
Class - insecta
-ectoparasites
-pathogens
-micropredators
-vectors
-parasitoid
-3 body segments:
-head
-thorax
-abdomen
Order - phthiraptera
-sucking lice (Anoplura) vs. chewing lice (Ischnocera)
Anoplura
-sucking lice
Ischnocera
-chewing lice
Order - Siphonaptera
-fleas
-latterly compressed
-bubonic plage
Order - hemiptera
-true bugs
-piercing stylet
-Triatoma spp - kissing bugs
-Cimex spp - bed bugs
Triatoma
-kissing bugs
-CHAGAS disease
Cimex
Order- diptera
-flies, mosquitos, gnats
-Micro predators and vectors
-mosquitoes (culex, anopheles, )
--->malaria, Zika, West nile, Wuchera
- black flies (simulium) -->Onchocerca volvulus --> river blindeness
- Tse tse flies (Glossina) --> Sleeping sickness
Mosquitoes
-malaria, west nile,
Simulium
-onchocerca volvulus - river blindness
-black flies
Glossina
-tse tse flies
-sleeping sickness
Subclass - Acari
adults - 4 pairs of legs
nymphs - 3 pairs of legs
Family - Ixodidae
-ticks - vectors
-scutum
-Dermacentor anderson --> Rocky mountain spotted fever
Family - argasidae
-soft ticks
no secutum
-subterminal head
Amoebas - unranked (study the structures from LAB MAN)
-trophozoite and cyst stages
-cyst are diagnostic stage
-endocommensals and endoparasites
Porichthys notaus
-gallbladder
-myxozoa --> gallbladder
Flagellates
-informal group
cilia vs flagella
cilia
-beating motion
-covers entire cell
flagella
-propeller like motion
-longer usually few
Human Flagellates
-Chdomastix meslini
-Giardia lambia
-dientamoeba fragilis
-Trichomonas vaginalis
Chdomastix meslini
-mainly pigs
-4 flagella
-pyriform shape
-trophs in cecum/ colon, cyst feces -->water
Giardia lambia
-humans + mammals
-8 flagella
-binucleate
-adhesive disk
-trophs in intestine
Dientamoeba fragilis
-humans
-2 nuclei in troph***
-pesudoplasmodium - no flagella on troph
-troph in intestine, with no cyst stage
-possibly vectored by pin worms
Trichomonas vaginalis
-human
-5 flagella (4 anterior)
-undulating membrane
-trophs in urogenital tract
-no cyst
-STD strong team defense
Other Flagellates
- opalina**
Host - Pseduacris regilla ** disection --Pacific tree frog
-appears ciliated, but are evolutionary close to flagella
-multinucleate
Order - kinetoplastida
-flagellum
-single, large mitochondria
-TROPHS only
Kinetoplast
-granule with in mitochondrion of base of flagellum (stains dark)
Kinetosome
-structure where flagellym arises
Four forms of trophs - study in LAB MAN
-Amastigote
-promastigote
-epimastigote
-trypomastigote
Leishmania
-species
-vector-->sand fly (phlebofomes)
-Promastigote in fly
-Amastigote in humans
Salivaria
-trypanosomes injected in host via salivary glands on vector
Stercoranria
-develop in insect gut, transmitted through feces
Trypanosoma Brucei (know the life cycles)
Salivaria group
Tse tse fly vector
-Brucei
-gambiense
-rhodesiense
T.B. Brucei
Host- livestock
Pathology - Nagana
Distribution - Africa
Morphs - trypomastigotes --> blood, major organs, cerebral spinal flood
T.B. Gambiense
Host- humans
Pathology - African Sleeping Sickness
Distribution - West central Africa
Morphs - trypomastigotes --> nervous system and brain
CHRONIC symtoms --> dullness, tremors, paralysis, and convulsions
T.B. rhodesiense
Host - humans
Pathology - African Sleeping sickness
Distribution - East Central Africa
Morphs - trypmastigotes --> most organs, rarely nervous system
ACUTE symptoms --> swelling of lymph nodes, fevers, weakness, cramping
Trypansoma (know the life cycles)
Stercoaraia group - vector shits on yo skin and you scratch dat shit in wound
-Cruzi
-Lewis
T. Cruzi
Vector - kissing bug (reduviidae)
Host - Humans
Pathology - Chagas disease
Distribution - south central Africa
Morphs - trypomastigotes, epimastigotes
T. Lewisi
Vector - rat flea (nosopsyllus faciatus)
Host - Rat
Pathology - mild
Distribution - world wide
Morphs - trypomastigotes
Leishman (know the life cycles)
Vector - sandfly (Phlebotomus)
Host - human, dogs, rodents
Pathology - viceral cutaneous
Distribution - world wide
Morphs - Promastigote(insect vector) and amastigote(vertebrate)
Phylum: ciliophora
-trophozoites - feeding stage
-cyst - produces tomites
-tomites - motile, infective stage
Balantidium Coli
-pigs and other mammals
-pathology - dysentery (blood in shit)
Ichthyopthirius multifilii's
-"ich"
-freshwater fish
-tomites infective
trichodina
-fish, amphibian and aquatic invets
-low path
-DENTICLES
Phylum - apicomplexa
Class - conoidasida
subclass - gregarina
Monocystis lumbrici
-earth worm: lumbricus terrestralis
-
Phylum - Apicomplexa
Class - coccidea
Family - Emieridae
-direct lc
-oocyst 1:4:2 config
-each oocyst contains 4 sporocyst each containing 2 sporozoites
Eimeria Tenella
-intestine of chickens
-severe pathology, destroys intestinal tissue
Eimeria stidae
-in bile ducts and liver of rabbits
-liver failure
Family - sarcocystidae
-oocyst 1:2:4
-each oocyst contains 2 sporocyts each with 4 sporozoites
-IH tachyzoites (fast reproduction merozoites) Bradyzoites (large merozoites, Trophically transmitted to DH)
Toxoplasma gondii
-DH cats
-IH many, humans
-DH infected by sporulated oocyst or bradyzoites
Sarcocysts
-DH carnivores
-IH herbivores
DH- only infected by bradyzoites
Phylum - apicomlexa
Class - coccidea
Order - haemosporida
Life cycle
-merogony(shizongony) -vertebrate host
-gamogony - initiated in vertebrate host, finalized in invertebrate host
-fertilization/zygote formation: in invertebrate vector
-sporogony - invertebrate vector
Human Malaria
- vectored by anopheles
-plasmodium vivax
-plasmodium falciparum
-plasmodium malaria
-Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium vivax
-43% of cases, more temprate distibution, mostly South America
-large ring trophs
-Shuffners dots
-Mergony 48hrs
Plasmodium - falciparum
-50%, most virulent and prevalent
-small ring trophs -->mult per RBC as possible
-Asynchronous merogony approx 48 hrs
-black urine --> lysed RBC
Plasmodium malaria
-7% of cases
-similar in appearance to Pl vivax
- no shuffners dots
-merogony - 72hrs
Trophys have many band shapes
Plasmodium ovale
-rarest form, most mild symptoms
-shuffners dots
Avian Malria
-vectored by culex --> mosquito
Order- Piroplasmida
-vectored by ticks
-are very small and tear dropped shaped
-Babesia bigmania- in red blood cells of cattle (Texas Cattle fever)
-Thelaria parva - cattle (east coast fever)