Growth Environment for Rickettsia + franz
obligate intracellular
growth environment for chlamydiaceae
obligate intracellular
growth environment for mycoplasma + spirochaetale
free living
Rickettsiaceaem Anaplasmatacaeae (Ehrlichia) , and Coxiella general characteristics
gram-neg
LPS is only weakly endotoxic
There is NO LPS in this bacteria
Ehrlichia
Diseases attributed to Rickettsiaceae, Ehrlichia, and Coxiella are spread by
insect vectors
Diseases attributed to Rickettsiaceae, Ehrlichia, and Coxiella present w/
rapid onset of fever, chills, headache and possible rash
intracellular location of Rickettsiaceae
host cell cytoplasm
Rickettsiaceae diseases
Rocky mountain spotted fever, epidemic typhus, endemic typhus
intracellular location of ehrlichia
membrane-bound vacuoles
ehrlichia associated diseases
sennetsu fever
intracellular location of coxiella
membrane-bound vacuoles
coxiella associated disease
Q fever
Rickettsia rickettsii vector
hard ticks (i.e. Dermacentor)
R. Rickettsii reservoir
rodents and pets
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever characteristics
quick onset
maculopapular rash to petechia on HAND, ankles, and wrist
Doxycycline treatment
Rickettsia prowazekii primary reservoir
humans
Diseases associated with Rickettsia prowazekii
Epidemic typhus
Recrudescent typhus
Sporadic typhus
Epidemic typhus
pediculus humanus (body louse) vector
crowded squalid conditions
high fever, head/muscle/joint aches
often rash
recrudescent typhus (Brill-Zinsser dz)
gradual onset
reactivation of epidemic dz years after initial diagnosis
less than 1/2 cases get rash
sporadic typhus
flying squirrels may harbor the bacterium
spread by fleas that feed on squirrels + humans
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis reservoir
white-tailed deer and pets
how is ehrlichia chaffeensis transmitted
Lone star ticks (Ambylomma)
This bacterium causes monocytic ehrlichiosis, replicates in monocytes and macrophages
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Morulae are diagostic but detected in few specimens of this disease
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Coxiella Burnetii characteristics
multiply in phagosomes and reservoir is livestock
Coxiella burnetii transmission
by aerosol (inhalation) or ticks
phase I antigen is infectious in this bacteria
coxiella burnetii
Acute Q-fever is associatd with these sxs
fever, headache, chills, muscle pain
can present w/ respiratory sxs too
Chronic fever is associated with these sxs
heart, liver and pulmonary dz
This bacteria was initially thought to be a virus, lacks ATP and peptidoglycan, and lacks a distinctive developmental cycle
Chlamydiaceae
Elementary body of Chlamydia characteristics
infectious
Hemagglutinin present
induces endocytosis
metabolically inactive
Reticulate body of Chlamydia characteristics
non-infectious
hemagluttinin absent
doesn't induce endocytosis
metabolically active
most common bacterial STD w/ human only host; grows in non-ciliatd epithelial cells which comprise mucous membranes of urogenital tract, respiratory tract, and conjunctiva
Chlamydia trachomatis
Serovar A, B, Ba, C asociated with this disease;
leading cause of preventable infectious blindness
Trachoma
Serovar D-K associated with this disease
Urogenital tract disease
Serovar L1, L2, L2a, L2b, L3 associated with this disease; late stages may involve ulcers and genital elephantiasis
Lymphogranuloma venereum
inclusion conjunctivitis
adult typically follows genital infection; newborns can acquire during birth
smallest free living bacteria w/ no cell walls, sterol cell membranes and fried egg colony morphology
mycoplasma/ureaplasma
transmission of mycoplasma pneumoniae
respiratory droplets; binds to respiratory epithelium via P1 adhesion
Atypical "walking" pneumonia characteristics
persistent hack, non-productive
pharyngitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
common in young adults
this group of bacteria has helical morphology with axial filaments
spirochetes
Treponema Pallidum characteristics
thin spirochete
microaerophilic
visualized by dark-field/fluoresence
disease: syphillis
Primary syphillis charactertistics
initial chancre develops at innoculate site
papule -> painless ulcer
Chancre - source for microscopic specimen
Contagious (not easy to culture)
spontaneous resolution in 2-6 weeks
Secondary syphillis characteristics
disseminated disease, 1-3 months later
flu-like sxs
disseminated maculopapular rash
wart-like condylomata lata
heals spontaneously to become clinically inactive
Latent syphillis
2/3 of untreated secondary cases will have persistent treponemes w/o symptoms
Late (tertiary) syphillis
1/3 untreated caes
may affect almost any organ
granulomatous lesions of bone, skin, other tissue
aortititis
CNS inflammation
blindness
non-treponemal test for syphillis
detects antibodies against damaged human mitochondrial antigens
NOT present in tertiary
Cheap + quick using VDRL and RPR
Treponemal tests for syphillis
detects antibodies against bacterium
more specific
used to confirm VDRL or RPR w/ FTA and MHA-TP
This syphillis progression does not require both tests to be positive in order to diagnose
tertiary syphillis
Borrelia characteristics
microaerophilic spirochetes
difficult to culture
Relapsing fever is associated with which species
B Recurrentis
Lyme disease is associated with which species
B. burgdorferi
Characteristics of borrelia burgdorferi
tick vector Ixodes
reservoirs in mice and deer
Early presentation characteristics of lyme disease
erhythema migrans
headache, fever, chills
malaise, general fatigue
phase 1 - late signs of lyme disease
neurologic and cardiac dysfunction
phase 2 - late signs of lyme disease
joint pain and arthritis
Characteristics of borrelia recurrentis
arthropod vectors
antigen variation
fever cycling
Epidemic (louse borne) relapsing fever in B. recurrentis characteristics
human reservoir
Endemic (tick-borne) relapsing fever characteristics
caused by several species
Zoonosis, disease of rodents
trans-ovarian tarnsmission in ticks
Leptospira interrogans characteristics
thin spirochetes with hooked ends
transmission through animal urine
Leptospirosis