proteobacteria
largest taxonomic group; five classes in this (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epilon); gram-negative
azospirillum
alphaproteobacteria; forms associtations with root (nodules): FIXES NITROGEN which helps plants with making proteins
rickettsia
alphaproteobacteria; obligate intracellular parasites (like viruses); causes typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever;
transmitted by ticks or insects
ehrlichia
alphaproteobacteria; transmitted by ticks; cause ehrilchiosis
agrobacterium
alphaproteobacteria; plant pathogen; causes crown gall; insets a plasmid into plant cells (induce tumor), changes cells into unregulated growth
brucella
alphaproteobacteria; obligate parasite of mammals, survives phagocytosis; causes brucellosis
bordetella
betaproteobacteria; non-motile rods; causes petrussis (whooping cough); same class as spirillum
neisseria
betaproteobacteria; causes of gonorrhoea and meningococcal meningitis
pseudomonas
gammaproteobacteria; scary because they can metabolize cleaning agents; bad in hospitals; opportunistic pathogens, nosocomial infections; metabolically diverse; wound and urinary tract infections
moraxella
gammaproteobacteria; type of pseudomonadales; cause conjuctivitis
legionella
gammaproteobacteria; found in streams, warm water pipes, and cooling towers; causes legionellosis
vibronales
gammaproteobacteria; found in aquatic habitats; causes cholera (bad in standing water) and gastroenteritis (terrible diarrhea)
enterobacteriales
gammaproteobacteria; inhabit intestinal tract; ferment carbs; facultative anaerobes (diversity); peritrichous flagella
escherichia
gammaproteobacteria; indicator of fecal contamination (E coli); causes foodborne disease and urinary tract infections; type of enterobacteriales
salmonella
gammaproteobacteria, enterobacteriales; 2400 serovars (different types); coomon form of foodborne illness (spread easiliy); causes typhoid fever in chicken and eggs
serratia
gammaproteobacteria; type of enterobacterilaes; produces red pigment; common cause of nososcomial infections; common by drains; opportunistic pathogen
yersinia
gammaproteobacteria, enterobacteriales; Y pestis causes plague; transmitted via fleas
enterobacter
gammaproteobacteria; E cloacae and aerogenes cause UTIs and nosocomial infections; opportunistic
haemophilus
gammaproteobacteria; type of pasterurellales; require x factor and v factor in media; H influenza causes meningitis, earaches, and epiglottis
bdellovibrio
gammaproteobacteria, pasterellales; attacks other gram-negative bacteria (goes inside cell and live in periplasm); bacterial pathogen; go into periplasm for protection and nutrients
myxococcales
deltaproteobacteria; move by gliding and leave a slime trail; can make spores; cell aggregate and form a fruiting body containing myxospores
campylobacter
epsilonproteobacteria; one polar flagellum; C jejuni causes foodborne intestinal disease; type of epsilonproteobacteria
helicobacter
epsilonproteobacteria; multiple flagella; cause peptic ulcers and stomach cancer (severe heartburn); can live in acidic conditions
treponema
spirochaetes; T pallidum causes syphillis; coiled and move via axial filaments; spirochaetes
borrelia
spirochaetes; causes relapsing fever and lyme diseas; transmitted by tick bites
klebsiella
gammaproteobacteria, enterobacteriales; K pneumoniae causes pneumonia
spirochaetes
gram negative bacteria that aren't proteobacteria; have
axial filaments/endoflagella
; coiled
cyanobacteria
carry out oxygenic photosynthesis; produce oxygen; type of gram - bacteria; many contain heterocysts that can fix nitrogen; gas vesicles provide buoyancy
chlorobi/chloroflexi
carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis; produce sulfur, green; gram - bacteria
chlamydiae
NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN in cell wall; gram - ; grow intracellularly; contains
chlamydia, which forms elementary body
fusobacteria
anaerobic gram - bacteria; found in mouth
deinococci
extreme environments; gram -; like archaea; includes acteria resistant to radiation
firmiutes
type of gram + bacteria; low GC ratios (<40%)
actinobacteria
type of gram+; high GC ratios
clostridium
firmicutes, clostridium; endospore producing; obligate anaerobes; cause tetanus; hardy
epulopiscium
firmicutes, clostridium; big, can be seen with naked eye; no binary fission
bacillus
firmicutes, bacillales; endospore producing; causes anthrax and food poisoning(
food buffet
)
staphylococcus
firmicutes, bacillales; grapelike clusters; S aureus causes wound infections (MRSA), produces enterotoxin; difficult to treat
lactobacillales
firmicutes; in yogurt; aerotolerant anaerobes, produce lactic acid from simple carbs
streptococcus
firmicutes, lactobacillales; spherical in chains; produce enzymes that destroy tissue; beta hemolytic (strep throat)
listeria
firmicutes, lactobacillales; contaminates food; really bad for pregnant women
mycoplasmatales
firmicutes; lack a cell wall; pleomorphic; causes milk pneumonia
mycobacterium
actinobacteria; outermost layer of acids that is waxy and water resistant (thick); often slow-growing, difficult to treat; tuberculosis, leprosy
propionibacterium
actinobacteria; forms propionic acid; causes severe acne
streptomyces
actinobacteria; isolated from soil; produces most natural
antibiotics
nocardia
actinobacteria; form fragmenting filaments; acid-fast; causes pulmonary infections
extremophiles
archaea; includes halophiles and thermophiles
methanogens
archaea; anaerobic and produce methane
10,000
amount of bacterial species per gram of soil