Which of the following diseases is a zoonosis?
Plague
Aggressive debridement of dead tissue and administration of clindamycin, cephalosporins, or penicillin are initial therapies for this disease. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is also used. What disease is treated in these ways?
Gas gangrene
What are the symptoms of pneumonic plague?
Blood-tainted, mucoid, sputum, dyspnea, cyanosis, and death.
Which of the following best describe the signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?
Fever (101oF to 104oF), chills, sore throat, swollen cervical lymph nodes, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, and an enlarged spleen.
What is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr virus
Rheumatic fever is caused by which type of agent?
Bacterium
What kind of pathogen is Rickettsia rickettsii?
Bacterium
Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection is achieved by which of the following strategies?
Personal hygiene including hand washing and avoiding changing baby's diapers, not sharing eating utensils, and avoiding saliva from young children.
What signs and symptoms may be seen in a cytomegalovirus infection?
Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, mental and/or developmental retardation, and death
How does someone get infectious endocarditis?
Endogenous spread from a wound (generally in the mouth)
How is Rocky mountain spotted fever transmitted?
Hard ticks, like wood ticks and American dog ticks
Plague is caused by what type of microorganism?
Bacterium
Bacillus anthracis is what type of agent?
Bacterium
Which disease is a sequela of a strep infection?
Rheumatic fever
What are the principle signs and symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever?
High fever of >102oF (38.9oC), chills and a severe headache, nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. A splotchy red rash develops on the wrists and ankles first. Body aches may be accompanied with diarrhea and deliri
Bubonic plague is transmitted in which manner?
Bite of an infected rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)
Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of which disease?
Anthrax
What is the main way by which anthrax is transmitted?
Through cuts and scrapes in the skin
How is Clostridium perfringens transmitted?
Contamination of an open wound
How might Lyme disease be prevented?
Wear long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants and use of Insect repellants containing DEET should be used. Prompt removal of any ticks (within 24-36 hours).
Fever with painful and inflamed joints, chest pain, heart palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath are symptoms of this disease. Sometimes Sydenham chorea�jerky movements of the head, hands, and feet�and a raised, painless, rash called erythema marg
Rheumatic Fever
What type of organism causes gas gangrene?
Bacterium
The causative agent of gangrene is which of the following?
Clostridium perfringens
Plague is treated with which antibiotic regimen?
Streptomycin or gentamicin are used; however doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are appropriate alternatives.
Hepatitis C is caused by what kind of pathogen?
Virus
Penicillin is often the antibiotic of choice, but erythromycin can be used to treat this disease. What is it?
Rheumatic Fever
How can you prevent hepatitis C infection?
Do not inject drugs. If you do inject drugs, stop and get into a treatment program. If you can't stop, never share needles, syringes, water.
The symptoms of the hemorrhagic fevers often includes which of the following?
Fever, fatigue, dizziness, myalgia, weakness, and exhaustion. In severe cases there is hemorrhage, coma, delirium, seizures and kidney failure.
What kind of organism is Plasmodium?
Protist
Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, gray-colored bowel movements, joint pain, jaundice are the signs and symptoms of which disease?
Hepatitis C
Elimination of hard ticks and use of insect repellants are important tools in preventing which disease?
Rocky mountain spotted fever
The causative agent of rheumatic fever is _________________.
Streptococcus pyogenes
Complete the limerick!
A tourist bought a drum made of leather
The sound of its beat gave him pleasure
Though it helped him relax
It spread spores of anthrax
Now his skin has a black centered __________.
eschar
In which way are hemorrhagic fevers transmitted?
Direct contact with infected urine, blood, saliva, feces, or other body secretions of infected animal reservoirs.
The bite of an infected mosquito.
Direct contact with the eyes or mouth with infected saliva, mucus, or tears.
How can infectious mononucleosis be treated?
The symptoms are self-limiting. Because the tonsils enlarge, care must be taken to maintain a patient's airway.
What is the causative agent of malaria?
Plasmodium sp.
Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by which agent?
Rickettsia rickettsii
Anthrax may be prevented in which way?
Vaccination
How is infectious mononucleosis spread?
Transmission to the eyes and mouth with infected saliva, mucus, or tears.
How is Hepatitis C transmitted?
Contact with blood of an infected person, primarily through sharing contaminated needles, syringes or other drug injection equipment.
Lyme disease is treated with which antibiotics?
Doxycycline in adults and amoxicillin in children.
How is pneumonic plague transmitted?
Inhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets
Alpha-hemolytic streptococci, enterococci or Staphylococcus aureus can cause infectious endocarditis. What kind of infectious agent are they?
Bacteria
Complete the limerick!
Beware of a passionate kiss
Even though you may think it is bliss
You can get EBV
Swollen glands and fatigue
Of infectious ___________________.
mononucleosis
Malaise, muscle aches, and an annular rash (erythema migrans) which may be followed by headache, stiff neck, joint pain, fatigue, and swollen nymph nodes. A late persistent infection causes long-lasting neurological symptoms, such as Bell's palsy, and car
Lyme disease
By what way is staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome transmitted?
Endogenous bacteria
What kind of microorganism causes staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?
Bacterium
Shaking chills, fever, and convulsions accompany this disease. Anemia is another frequent problem�especially in infants and small children. Other symptoms include myalgia, nausea, sweating and vomiting. Which disease do these signs and symptoms describe?
Malaria
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of which disease?
Lyme disease
Malaria is spread by which mode of transmission?
The bite of an infected mosquito.
The formation of a pustule that over time ulcerates to form a swollen, black-centered scab, called an eschar; swollen lymph nodes near the eschar may be swollen. In extreme cases, bacteremia and hemorrhaging may lead to shock and death. What disease is th
Anthrax
Which of the following is an appropriate strategy to prevent the plague?
Control of rodents in domestic environments is probably the best prevention against the spreading of plague.
Hemorrhagic fevers are treated in what ways?
Only supportive treatment may be offered in the case of the viral hemorrhagic fevers. Ribavirin, a nucleotide analog antiviral agent, has found use in treating some of them.
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by which organism?
Staphylococcus aureus
What are the symptoms of gas gangrene?
The skin at the site of infection turns black or blue on the surface, and red or purple ; the wound is intensely painful and there is a foul-smelling discharge from the wound. If there is gas produced in the tissues beneath the wound, there is marked swel
Which of the following diseases can be prevented by prompt and proper treatment of strep infections, such as streptococcal pharyngitis and/or scarlet fever?
Rheumatic Fever
Hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola, Lassa fever, and Marburg, are caused by what kind of pathogen?
Virus
Which antimicrobial therapy is used to treat malaria?
Chloroquine, quinidine, or quinine with doxycycline or clindamycin.
Infectious endocarditis is generally treated with which antibiotic?
Penicillin
Which disease includes retinal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and encephalitic infection?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Fever and swollen lymph nodes�particularly cervical (neck), axilla (armpit), and inguinal (groin) lymph nodes. Other symptoms include chills, fever (>102oF or 39oC), malaise, and muscle cramps. What disease do these signs and symptoms indicate?
Bubonic Plague
Complete the limerick!
In the past was a disease quite demonic
The stories are quite histrionic
When diagnosing the plague
The symptoms are not vague
It's either bubonic or _____________
pneumonic
Headache, confusion, and diarrhea followed by a high fever, low blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, kidney and liver failure are signs and symptoms typical of this disease. Additionally a sunburn-like rash can also develop and the skin can desquamate after
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
What therapies are used to treat cytomegalovirus infection?
This disease can best be treated and prevented with the antiviral drugs, ganciclovir and valganciclovir.
Lyme disease is caused by what kind of microorganism?
Bacterium
How is the cytomegalovirus transmitted?
Direct (sexual) contact, in milk, via respiratory droplets in nursery or daycare center workers, and by blood transfusions.
The antibiotics used to treat anthrax include which of the following?
Ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and penicillin
How can we best prevent acquiring a viral hemorrhagic infection?
Avoid being bitten by mosquitoes infected by the virus by using nets when sleeping, and use of insect repellants
Control in the hospital environment requires standard precautions including latex/vinyl gloves, face protection, and other protective clothing
Which of the following diseases is transmitted by the bite of an infected hard tick, such as Ixodes scapularis?
Lyme disease
Alpha-hemolytic streptococci are the cause of which disease?
Infectious endocarditis
How can malaria be prevented?
Protective clothing, nets around a bed, and insect repellants.
What microbe causes plague?
Yersinia pestis
In which season of the year are you most likely to get Lyme disease?
Summer
Rocky mountain spotted fever is treated using which antibiotics?
Doxycycline is an excellent choice in most cases other than pregnancy.
Prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent infection during invasive dental or surgical procedures is often used to prevent which disease?
Infectious endocarditis
How can staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome be prevented?
Appropriate use of tampons and wound-packing materials, especially time of use.
Infectious mononucleosis may best be prevented in what ways?
Infected individuals should prevent spreading the virus to others by avoiding kissing them, and by not sharing utensils for eating or drinking.
What kind of agent causes CMV infection?
Virus
Acute or gradual development of fever, chills, heart murmur, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, shortness of breath, coughing, edema of the feet, legs, or abdomen are the signs and symptoms of which disease?
Infectious endocarditis