The term autotroph refers to an organism that:
Uses CO2 for its carbon source
The term phototroph refers to an organism that:
Gets energy from sunlight
After binary fission, daughter cells will differ genetically (T/F):
FALSE
An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs and sunlight for its energy needs would be called a/an
Photoautotroph
A saprobe with a cell wall will utilize extracellular digestion (T/F):
TRUE
What type of media is used to demonstrate oxygen requirements of microbes?
Thioglycollate
The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called:
Active transport
Planktonic bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics as compared to biofilm microorganisms. T/F
TRUE
In _____ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting.
Hypotonic
Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench top, on the shelf of a 37� C incubator and on the shelf of a 50� C incubator. After incubation, there was no growth at 37� C and 50� C, slight growth out on
Psychrophile
Whether an organism is an autotroph or heterotroph depends on its source of nitrogen. T/F
FALSE
Growth factors:
Cannot be synthesized by the organism
Whether an organism is a phototroph or a chemotroph depends on its source of energy. T/F
TRUE
Nutrient absorption is mediated by the:
Cell membrane
When it is important to count the number of cells, determine cell size and differentiate between dead and live cells a ___ is used.
flow cytometer
The term chemotroph refers to an organism that
Gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds
Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from
Organic compounds
Most microorganisms on earth can only live and survive in habitats that are similar to human body conditions. T/F
FALSE
An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is
Obligate aerobe
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37� C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n)
Thermoduric
A barophile would grow best in
Deep oceans
An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process toxic oxygen products is a(n)
Aerobe
The methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments that
Are anaerobic with hydrogen gas and CO2
When microbes live independently but cooperate and share nutrients, it is called
Synergism
An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a/an
Growth factor
An important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is
Iron
The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body uses would be best termed a _____ relationship.
Mutualistic
The degree of turbidity in a broth culture correlates to the amount of cell growth.
TRUE
Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar and in a candle jar. After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator s
Facultative anaerobe
In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture is evenly spread across an agar surface and incubated. Each _____ represents one _____ from the sample.
Colony, cell
Saprobes do not need a carbon source for growth and metabolism. T/F
TRUE
Phosphorus is one of the major elements needed in larger quantities by microorganisms. T/F
TRUE
Halobacteria regulate osmotic pressure by
Absorbing salt from the environment
A microaerophile
Requires a small amount of oxygen but won't grow at normal atmospheric levels
When microbes in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is called
Commensalism
Human pathogens fall into the group
Mesophiles
An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of 32� C is called a(n)
Facultative psychrophile
Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called
Saprobes
The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called the
Generation time
Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolism
Macronutrient
Obligate saprobes can adapt to a living host. T/F
FALSE
Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called
Osmosis
The majority of microbes live and grow in habitats between pH 7 and 9. T/F
FALSE
A microorganism that does not have catalase or superoxide dismutase would find it difficult to live in an environment with
Oxygen
The term heterotroph refers to an organism that
Must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is the
Stationary phase
Archea as a group are not pathogens. This is because
Mammalian hosts do not meet their environmental requirements
The term facultative refers to
The ability to exist in a wide range of conditions
A halophile would grow best in
Salt lakes
What compound has the highest concentration in a cell?
H2O
Contractile vacuoles are
Used to expel excess water from cells
Inorganic nitrogen must be converted to ammonia to be used by a cell. T/F
TRUE
A Coulter counter can count viable cells as well as determine the size. T/F
FALSE
The type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen
Occurs in purple and green sulfur bacteria
When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is specifically termed
Phagocytosis
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called
Diffusion
The toxic superoxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes,
Superoxide dismutase and catalase
An organism that can exist in both oxygen and oxygen-less environments is a(n)
Facultative anaerobe
The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it is called
Endocytosis
The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is the
Log phase
Calcium is required for bacteria because
It stabilizes the cell wall
Lithoautotrophs use inorganic nutrients for carbon and energy sources. T/F
TRUE
Microorganisms that live in severe habitats, such as very hot, acidic or salty environments, are called
Extremophiles
Facilitated diffusion and active transport require a carrier protein to mediate the movement across the plasma membrane. T/F
TRUE
A closed culture system is used to determine a population growth curve. T/F
TRUE
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing is the
Lag phase
All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth except
Psychrophiles
An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a(n)
Obligate aerobe
The direct cell count, using a cytometer, can calculate viable cell numbers from a sample. T/F
FALSE
The time that it takes for a freshly inoculated agar culture to develop visible colonies is principally governed by that species' generation time. T/F
TRUE
Anaerobes can be cultured in a CO2 environment.
TRUE
Aerobic respiration is an example of
Chemoheterotrophy
Bacterial biofilms stimulate the immune system differently than planktonic bacteria.
TRUE
Facilitated diffusion is limited by
Carrier proteins in the membrane
The term obligate refers to
Existing in a very narrow niche
The production of antibiotics is a form of antagonism called
Antibiosis
An organism with a temperature growth range of 45� C to 60� C would be called a(n)
Thermophile
Bacteria have an average generation time of 24 hours. T/F
FALSE
Mediated transport of polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane utilizes a _____ _____ that will bind to the substance effecting a conformational change that allows movement across the membrane.
Protein carrier
Organisms called _____ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm.
Pathogens
Transverse binary fission results in 4 daughter cells from 1 parent cell. T/F
FALSE
Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure
Trace element
In a commensal relationship, the commensal benefits but the cohabitant is neither harmed nor benefited. T/F
TRUE
A change in one partner in a close relationship that leads to a change in the other partner is
Coevolution
Which of the following is not a major element of a microbial cell?
Copper
The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called
Facilitated diffusion
Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would
Shrivel
Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?
Endocytosis