What type of immunity results from vaccination
Artifically acquired active immunity
What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection
Artificially acquired passive immunity
What type of immunity results from recover from mumps
Naturally acquired active immunity
A humans resistance to canine distemper is an example of
innate immunity
Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of
Naturally acquired passive immunity
What type of immunity is NOT due to antibodies
Innate Immunity
What type of immunity results from injection of tentanus toxiod
Artificially acquired active immunity
Immunity due to injection of an antigen is an example of
Artifically acquired active immunity
CD4+T cells are activated by
Interaction between TCRs and MHC II
Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?
TH cell
The specificity of an antibody is due to
The variable portions of the H and L chains.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?
They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?
B cells make antibodies.
Plasma cells are activated by a(n)
Antigen
The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are
IgA
The antibodies found on B cells are
IgM
The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are
IgE
In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are
IgM
Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are
IgM
The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is
IgG
gure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the patient's response to a second antigen?
D
In Figure 17.1, the arrow at time (d) indicates
Exposure to a new antigen
What is a false statement
--The variable region of a heavy chain binds with antigen.
--The variable region of a light chain binds with antigen.
--The Fc region attaches to a host cell.
--The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.
--All of these statements
In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the patient's secondary response to an antigen?
C
The best definition of antigen is
A chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies.
The best definition antibody is
A protein made in response to an antigen that can combine with that antigen.
The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step?Antigen-digest goes to surface of APC.
TH cell recognizes antigen digest and MHC II
Figure 17.2In Figure 17.2, which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies?
c and d
Figure 17.2 which areas are different for all IgM antibodies
a and c
Figure 17.2 which areas represent antigen-binding sites?
a and b
In Figure 17.2 what can attach to a host cell
e
Figure 17.2 could be any of the following EXCEPT
IgM
The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?
IgM
Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?
CTL
The following events occur in cellular immunity. What is the third step?
TH cell produces cytokines.
Cytokines released by TH1 cells
Activate CD8+ cells to CTLs.
Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?
Perforin
Patients with an inherited type of colon cancer called familial adenomatous polyposis have a mutation in the gene that codes for
Apoptosis
Thymic selection
Destroys T cells that dont recognize self-molecules of MHC.
Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is false?
They are stimulated by an antigen.
An antibody's Fc region can be bound by
Antibodies
A Treg cell deficiency could result in
Increased number of viral infections.
Cell death caused by perforin and granzymes is caused by
CTLs
IL-2, produced by TH cells,
stimulates TH cell maturation
Which of the following statements about IL-12 is false?
It activates the TH1 pathway.
Which of the following statements about tularemia is false?
It occurs only in California.
Which of the following is NOT treated with penicillin?
Pericarditis
Which of the following statements about sepsis is false?
It usually is caused by gram-positive bacteria.
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Puerperal sepsis- Staphylococcus aureus.
Which of the following grows outside host cells?
Streptobacillus
Which of the following is a symptom of brucellosis?
Undulant fever
Which of the following is NOT transmitted in raw milk?
All of these can be transmitted in raw milk.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?
Produces endotoxins
The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT
Hyaluronidase
Which of the following bacterial infections CANNOT be transmitted by dog or cat bites?
Streptobacillus
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Encephalitis- Ixodes (tick)
Unsanitary and crowded conditions increase the incidence of all of the following diseases EXCEPT
Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is false?
It is a severe illness in adults.
Which of the following pairs does NOT apply to Chagas' disease?
Reservoir- rodents
Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium?
Malaria
A patient presents with inflammation of the heart valves, fever, malaise, and subcutaneous nodules at joints. The recommended treatment is
anti inflammatory drugs
Which of the following statements about puerperal sepsis is false?
It is transmitted from mother to fetus.
Which of the following statements about schistosomiasis is false?
it is caused by a roundworm
Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is false?
It is cured with penicillin
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Francisella - gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic rods
Which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta?
Toxoplasma
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Pasteurella - cat-scratch disease.
A patient has the following symptoms: a papule, enlarged lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the papule reveals nucleated cells in white blood cells. The patient most likely has
Anthrax
Human-to-human transmission of plague is usually by
The respiratory route.
A characteristic symptom of plague is
Bruises on the skin.
Which of the following pairs regarding the epidemiology of malaria is mismatched?
Diagnosis- presence of merozoites
A predisposing factor for infection by Clostridium perfringens is
An infected finger.
Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis?
Puerperal sepsis
Arthropods can serve as a reservoir for which of the following diseases?
Malaria
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Cat-scratch disease- malignant pustule developing into septicemia
Which of the following CANNOT be transmitted to humans from domestic cats?
Chagas' disease
Which of the following is the same for both relapsing fever and undulant fever?
Etiology
Which of the following is NOT treated with antibiotics?
Yellow fever
Which of the following produces a permanent carrier state following infection?
Cytomegalovirus
EB virus has been implicated in all of the following EXCEPT
Endocarditis
Which of the following leads to all the others?
Bacterial growth in endothelial cells
A patient complains of fever, severe muscle and joint pain, and a rash. The patient reports returning from a Caribbean vacation one week ago. Which one of the following do you suspect?
Dengue-carribean
Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction?
Ehrlichia - gram-positive
Scrapings from a patient's rash reveal cercariae. The disease is most likely
Swimmer's itch.
You advise your pregnant friend to give her cat away because
She could get toxoplasmosis.
Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection?
Transmitted by ticks. Lyme disease is transmitted by deer ticks
Which of the following is NOT controlled by a mosquito eradication program?
Toxoplasmosis
A 62-year-old man was hospitalized with an 8-day history of fever, chills, sweats, and vomiting. His temperature on admission was 40�C. A routine peripheral blood smear revealed ring-shaped bodies in the RBCs. What treatment would you prescribe?
Mefloquine
Which of the following statements about group B streptococci is false?
They cause strep throat.
Bioweapons
Have been used for centuries
Which of the following statements about otitis media is false?
It is transmitted by swimming pool water.
Which of the following does NOT confirm a diagnosis of strep throat?
Gram stain:
Penicillin is used to treat all of the following EXCEPT
Mycoplasmal pneumonia.: treated with macrolide drugs: aka z-pack
Mycoplasmal pneumonia differs from viral pneumonia in that
Mycoplasma can't be cultured.
Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to a virulence factor?
Whooping cough
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Mycoplasma - gram-positive pleomorphic rod
Which of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis?
Histoplasma
Which of the following CANNOT lead to a positive tuberculin skin test?
Immunity to tuberculosis
Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine?
Tuberculosis- toxoid
Which of the following diseases has a cutaneous form, especially in individuals over 30 years of age?
Diphtheria
Which of the following causes an infection of the respiratory system that is transmitted by the gastrointestinal route?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Q fever- Rickettsia,
Which of the following does NOT cause pneumonia?
RSV
Which of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients?
All of these
Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir?
Histoplasmosis- soil.
Which of the following does NOT produce an exotoxin?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?
Bordetella pertussis
Which one of the following is an irregular, gram-positive rod?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Infection by which of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
The recurrence of influenza epidemics is due to
Antigenic shift.
Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen?
Pneumocystis
Which of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses?
Staphylococcus
Which of the following is most susceptible to destruction by phagocytes?
Streptococcus pyogenes
A healthy carrier state exists for
Haemophilus influenzae.
Infection by which of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia?
Mycoplasma
Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash?
Streptococcus
Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which of the following organisms?
Coccidioides
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Q fever-
A patient has pneumonia. Gram-negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum sample. The etiology is
Haemophilus influenzae.
The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology?
Haemophilus
The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology?
Haemophilus
The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology?
Can't tell
The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology?
Corynebacterium
Infection by which of the following begins in lungs and spreads to skin?
Coccidioides
Which one of the following organisms does NOT belong with the others?
Mycobacterium
Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick-walled cysts. What is the etiology?
Pneumocystis
Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. What is the etiology?
...
You are trying to identify the cause of a patient's middle ear infection. After 24 hours, there is no growth on blood agar incubated aerobically at 37�C. Your next step is to try again,
Using nutrient agar.
A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
Bordetella
A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having
There is insufficient information.
A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has
Pneumococcal pneumonia.
Which of the following respiratory infections can be contracted by ingestion?
Tuberculosis
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?
Coccidioides
Which one of the following produces small "fried-egg" colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract?
Mycoplasma
Legionella is transmitted by
Airborne transmission.