The scientist who received the first Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on antibody
therapy was
A. Koch.
B. von Behring.
C. Jenner.
D. Roux.
B. von Behring
Proteins that react specifically with the chemical structures in the antigen that induced them
are called
A. determinants.
B. antibodies.
C. proteases.
D. macroproteins.
B. antibodies
Antibodies are made by
A. red blood cells.
B. macrophages.
C. B cells/plasma cells.
D. T cells.
C. B cells/ plasma cells
4. Cytotoxic T cells primarily are responsible for
A. humoral immunity.
B. cell-mediated immunity.
C. anamnestic immunity.
D. producing haptens.
B. cell-mediated immunity
5. Secondary lymphoid organs
A. are strategically located in the body.
B. facilitate interactions between cells.
C. are hematopoietic.
D. are the site of T cell maturation.
E. are strategically located in the body AND facilitate interactions between cells
E. are strategically located in the body AND facilitate interactions between cells
Epitopes or antigenic determinants
A. are parts of the antibody molecule.
B. are T cell receptors.
C. are a portion of antigen recognized by antibody.
D. may be approximately 10-25 amino acids in length.
E. are a portion of antigen recognized by antibody
E. are a portion of antigen recognized by antibody AND may be approximately 10-25 amino
acids in length.
The humoral immune response is delivered by
A. antibodies.
B. T cells.
C. lymphokines.
D. antigens.
A. antibodies
Which of the following is not typical of an antigen?
A. Low molecular weight
B. Protein
C. Foreign
D. Polysaccharide
E. Low molecular weight AND protein
A. low molecular weight
Specific regions on an antigen molecule to which the immune response is directed are
A. antigenic determinants.
B. an autoimmune response.
C. monomers.
D. allergens.
A. antigenic determinants
Which of the following molecules would be expected to be immunogenic?
A. Progesterone, a lipid hormone.
B. Serum albumin, a large protein.
C. Glucose, a simple sugar.
D. Linoleic acid, a fatty acid.
B. Serum albumin, a large protein.
Which of the following is/are secondary lymphoid organ(s)?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Lymph nodes
D. Bone marrow
E. Spleen AND lymph nodes
E. Spleen AND lymph nodes
. A term synonymous with antibody is
A. antigen.
B. epitope.
C. determinant.
D. immunoglobulin
D. immunoglobulin
Which of the following do not induce a strong immune response?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Polysaccharides
D. Simple sugars.
E. Lipids AND simple sugars
E. Lipids AND simple sugars
4. There are ______ classes of antibody.
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
5
. Which of the following antibodies is a pentamer?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgM
D. IgE
C. IgM
6. The chains of an antibody molecule are bonded to one another by
A. disulfide bonds.
B. hydrogen bonds.
C. ionic bonds.
D. oxygen bonds
A. disulfide bonds
Which of the following antibodies is a dimer?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgM
D. IgE
A. IgA
The immunoglobulin monomer consists of
A.
four large chains.
B.
two heavy and two light chains.
C.
five light chains.
D.
three heavy and three light chains.
B. two heavy and two light chains
Which class of antibody accounts for the bulk of the circulating antibody?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgG
D. IgE
C. IgG
The characteristic function and properties of each class of antibody is determined by the
A. variable region on the light chain.
B. epitope.
C. constant region on the light chain.
D. constant region on the heavy chain.
E. variable region on the heavy chai
D. constant region on the heavy chain.
An IgG molecule has two
A. heavy chains.
B. light chains.
C. antibody binding sites.
D. antigen binding sites.
E. heavy chains, light chains AND antigen binding sites.
E. heavy chains, light chains AND antigen binding sites.
The variable region of an antibody occurs
A. only on the heavy chains.
B. only on the light chains.
C. on one of the light chains.
D. on all four chains.
D. on all four chains
Each class of antibody is specifically defined by its
A. amino acid sequence of the constant region of the heavy chain.
B. amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain.
C. ability to cross the placenta.
D. disulfide bonds.
A. amino acid sequence of the constant region of the heavy chain.
. Antigens interact with antibodies at
A. the outer end of each arm of the Y.
B. the junction of heavy and light chains.
C. different regions depending on the class of antibody.
D. the bottom stem of the heavy chain of the Y.
A. the outer end of each arm of the Y.
Ag-Ab binding may result in
A. neutralization.
B. immobilization.
C. agglutination.
D. opsonization.
E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
The Fc region on IgG
A. interacts with complement.
B.
attaches to receptors on macrophages.
C. reacts with and coats the antigen.
D. contains a variable region.
E.
interacts with complement AND attaches to receptors on macrophages
E. interacts with complement AND attaches to receptors on macrophages
How long after initiation of a primary response do significant amounts of antibody appear
in the blood?
A.
One day
B. 10-14 days
C. 4 weeks
D. 6 months
B. 10-14 days
The only class of antibody that can cross the placenta is
A. IgA.
B. IgD.
C. IgG.
D. IgE
C. IgG
Which is the first antibody class made during the primary response to an antigen?
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgG
D. IgE
B. IgM
Which of the following is the most abundant immunological class produced?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgG
D. IgE
A. IgA
Which is the most efficient at initiating the classical pathway of the complement cascade?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgM
D. IgE
C. IgM
Which of the following class of antibody is primarily found in external secretions?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgG
D. IgE
A. IgA
The function of the secretory component of the IgA molecule is
A. to protect IgA from being destroyed by proteolytic enzymes.
B. to coat the antigen.
C. opsonization.
D. to fix IgA to the antigen.
A. to protect IgA from being destroyed by proteolytic enzymes.
The immunoglobulin that is important in hypersensitivity reactions is
A. IgA.
B. IgD.
C. IgG.
D. IgE
D. IgE
According to the clonal selection theory
A. antibodies are modified, at the time of antigen exposure, to specifically react with the
antigen.
B. self-reactive T cells are killed in the thymus.
C. B cells producing autoantibodies are eliminated in the thym
C. each B cell is already programmed to produce a specific antibody.
Clonal selection" and "clonal expansion"
A. implies that each individual lymphocyte produces a single antibody.
B.
describes how a single lymphocyte proliferates in a population of effector cells.
C. depends on an antibody recognizing a specific epitope.
E. All of the above
T cells and B cells are produced in the
A. bone marrow.
B. thymus.
C. Peyer's patches.
D. nervous tissue
A. Bone marrow
The cells that actually secrete antibodies are
A. plasma cells.
B. natural killer cells.
C. phagocytes.
D. T cells.
A. plasma cells
CD4 cells are also known as ...
A. T helper cells.
B.
natural killer cells.
C. T cytotoxic cells.
D.
macrophages.
E.
neutrophils.
A. T helper cells
CD8 cells are
A. T helper cells.
B.
natural killer cells.
C. T cytotoxic cells.
D.
macrophages.
C. T cytotoxic cells
Antigens may be processed for presentation by
A. macrophages.
B. dendritic cells.
C. erythrocytes.
D. T cytotoxic cells.
E. macrophages AND dendritic cells
E. macrophages AND dendritic cells
Macrophages and dendritic cells are
A. T cells.
B. B cells.
C. antigen-presenting cells.
D. antibody-producing cells.
C. antigen-presenting cells
Only antigen-presenting cells
A. produce antibodies.
B. activate cytotoxic T cells.
C. produce MHC class I molecules.
D. produce MHC class II molecules.
D. produce MHC class II molecules.
It would be useful if antigens were delivered directly to
A. Peyer's patches.
B. W Cells.
C. M cells.
D. red blood cells.
E. Peyer's patches AND M cells.
E. Peyer's patches AND M cells.
Class II MHC molecules are found primarily on
A. macrophages.
B. dendritic cells.
C. erythrocytes.
D. T cytotoxic cells.
E. macrophages AND dendritic cells.
E. macrophages AND dendritic cells.
The stimulation of B cells to divide and mature is provided by
A. T helper cells.
B. macrophages.
C. T cytotoxic cells.
D. plasma cells.
A. T helper cells.
The peptides presented by MHC class II peptide molecules are
A. from plasma cells.
B. exogenous antigens.
C. endogenous antigens.
D. from T helper cells.
B. exogenous antigens.
. T-independent antigens
A. include polysaccharides.
B. require the involvement of T cells.
C. interact with MHCI molecules.
D. are usually proteins.
E. include polysaccharides AND are usually proteins.
A. include polysaccharides.
Memory cells may take the form of
A. B cells.
B. T cytotoxic cells.
C. T helper cells.
D. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct
. The surface receptors on B and T cells both
A. play the same role in each type of cell.
B. bind to free antigen.
C. have two binding sites for antigen.
D. have variable and constant regions.
E. play the same role in each type of cell AND have two bindin
D. have variable and constant regions
Which is involved in reacting to virus-infected cells?
A.
Cell-mediated immunity
B. T cytotoxic cells
C. B cells
D. MHC I
E.
Cell-mediated immunity, T cytotoxic cells, AND MHC I
E. Cell-mediated immunity, T cytotoxic cells, AND MHC I
. Perforin is produced by
A. B cells.
B. macrophages.
C. NK cells.
D. T helper cells.
E. macrophages AND NK cells
C. NK cells
4. Giant cells are
A. a fusion of B cells.
B. a fusion of T cells.
C. used to contain bacterial infections.
D. activated T helper cells.
E. a fusion of T cells AND used to contain bacterial infections.
C. used to contain bacterial infections.
Apoptosis
A. is a form of cell suicide.
B. is induced in target cells by effector T cytotoxic cells.
C. results in T cell death.
D. refers to the transformation of B cells into plasma cells.
E. is a form of cell suicide AND is induced in target cells by e
E. is a form of cell suicide AND is induced in target cells by effector T cytotoxic cells.
. The immune response is directed against an entire molecule.
False