BSL-1
don't cause disease in healthy people, minimal threat, E. coli, lab bench and sink
BSL-2
common in community, moderate health hazard, associated with human diseases, infection routes: ingestion, inhalation, or penetration of the skin. splashes or aerosol generation work to be done in a bio safety cabinet, salmonella, staph, measles, autoclave
BSL-3
local or exotic origin, respiratory transmission and serious or lethal disease where vaccines aren't always available, special ventilation systems, lab access restricted, tuberculous, west nile virus, rabies
BSL-4
great potential for lethal infection, primary concern: inhalation of aerosols, exposure to infectious droplets and auto-inoculation, lab isolated and strictly restricted, body suit with life support system, change clothes before entering and shower before
Student Conduct
-no food, drinks, or smoking in lab room
-no applying cosmetics or contacts
-wash hand after handling microbes and before leaving lab
-dont take anything with you
-come to lab
-take your time
Basic Lab Safety
-wear protective clothing
-closed toed shoes
-safety googles
-turn off buses burner when not in use
-long hair in ponytail
-feeling sick=go home
Reducing contamination
-wipe desk with 10% bleach
-culture tubes in holder
-cover spills of cultures in paper towels, soak towels in disinfectant and wait 20 min
-paper towels in autoclave
Disposing of contaminated materials
-remove labels put in autoclave box
-dispose of plates
-dispose of blood samples and gloves in autoclave box
-microscope slides in autoclave box
-broken glass in broken glass container
sensitivity
true positive, with disease
specificity
true negative, without disease
Glo Germ
teach people how to "properly" wash their hands. (training aid)
hand cleansing
-cidal = kill
-static = stop growth
Aseptic method and transfers
-minimize potential of contamination
-be organized
-media tubes in rack
-take your time
-label media
-never hold culture tube by cap
-hold inoculation loop or needle like a pencil
-adjust Bunsen burner (flame has inner and outer cone)
plates
isolation of specimen, qunatifying bacterial densities
slants
grow stock cultures that can be refrigerated after incubation and maintained for several weeks
broths
grow microbes when fresh cultures or large numbers of cells are required; microbial identification
streak plate
seeding the agar surface in a wavy pattern
Refraction
The bending of a wave as it passes through the objective lense
Virtual Image
an upright image formed where rays of light appear to meet or come from
Real image
An upside-down image formed where rays of light meet.
resolution
clarity of an image
limit of resolution/resolving power
actual measurement of how far apart two points must be for the microscope to view them as being separate
brightfield microscope
uses visible light for illumination; the specimens are viewed against a white background.
darkfield microscope
Specimens appear bright against a dark background, no staining required-Live specimens may be observed
phase contrast
accentuates diffraction of the light that passes through a specimen
fluorescence
uses fluorescent dye and is fluorescent when illuminated with UV radiation
prokaryotic cells
Small, simple, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, single loop of DNA (nucleosome), no cellulose, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall (made of carbs), somtimes have cilia or flagella (movement).
Eukaryotic cells
Larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins in chromosomes, cellulose in plant cell walls.
Supergroup Unikonta
includes animals, fungi, and some protists
Supergroup Excavata
many protist, asymmetrical, single-celled organisms with a feeding groove
Supergroup Archaeplastida
red algae, green algae, land plants
SAR supergroup
-controversial
-highly diverse group that share similarities in DNA structure