Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolism:
macronutrient
The toxic superoxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes
superoxide dismutase and catalase.
Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench top, on the shelf of a 37�C incubator, and on the shelf of a 50�C incubator. After incubation, there was no growth at 37�C and 50�C, very slight growth out o
psychrophile
Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called
saprobes
Aerobic respiration is an example of
chemoheterotrophy
A barophile would grow best in
deep oceans
What compound has the highest concentration in a cell?
H2O
In _____ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting.
hypotonic
The term chemoheterotroph refers to an organism that
gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds.
The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K for the body to use would best be termed a _____ relationship.
mutualistic
An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process toxic oxygen products is a(n)
aerobe
Human pathogens fall into the group
mesophiles
When microbes are in a close nutritional relationship, and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is called
commensalism
A microorganism that does not have catalase or superoxide dismutase would find it difficult to live in an environment with
oxygen
The term facultative refers to
the ability to exist in a wide range of conditions.
In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture is evenly spread across an agar surface and incubated. Each _____ represents one _____ from the sample.
colony; cell
The production of antibiotics is a form of antagonism called
antibiosis
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called
diffusion
Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?
endocytosis
Organisms called _____ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm.
parasites
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing, is the
lag phase
The term photoheterotroph refers to an organism that
gets energy from sunlight.
Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar, and in a candle jar. After incubation, there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator
facultative anaerobe.
A microaerophile
requires a small amount of oxygen but won't grow at normal atmospheric levels.
Archaea, as a group, are not pathogens. This is because
mammalian hosts do not meet their environmental requirements.
Facilitated diffusion is limited by
carrier proteins in the membrane
The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is the
exponential (log) phase.
When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is specifically termed
phagocytosis
The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called the
generation time.
The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it is called
endocytosis.
The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called
facilitated diffusion.
Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from
organic compounds
All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth except
psychrophiles.
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is the
stationary phase.
Nutrient absorption is mediated by the
cell membrane
Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would
shrivel
When microbes live independently but cooperate and share nutrients, it is called
synergism.
An important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is
iron