Chapter 9 Study Guide NEW

1) Washing dishes in the dishwasher with detergent and hot water is a ________ process.
A) antiseptic
B) disinfecting
C) sterilizing
D) sanitizing
E) degerming

D) sanitizing

2) Which of the following statements is TRUE of disinfectants?
A) They are effective in destroying endospores.
B) They are used on living tissue.
C) They are used for sterilization.
D) They are used on inanimate surfaces.
E) They are only effective for sh

D) They are used on inanimate surfaces.

3) You notice a sign in a public restroom that states "Sanitized for your safety." This means
A) sterilizing chemicals have been used in cleaning.
B) antiseptics have been used to clean the area.
C) degerming methods only have been used to clean the restr

D) methods of disinfection that meet minimum standards of microbial removal have been used.

4) Which of the following is an example of pasteurization?
A) A public toilet is treated with disinfectants.
B) A surgeon washes her hands before surgery.
C) Heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice.
D) An autoclave is used to prepare nutri

C) Heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice.

5) Aseptic means
A) sterile.
B) free of all microbes.
C) clean.
D) sanitized.
E) free of pathogens.

E) free of pathogens.

6) Methods of microbial control called ________ arrest the growth of microbes.
A) microbicial
B) microbistatic
C) sanitizing
D) degerming
E) antiseptic

B) microbistatic

7) Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect
A) the cell wall.
B) the cell membrane.
C) the viral envelope.
D) endospores.
E) protein synthesis.

E) protein synthesis.

8) A chemical agent that dissolves lipids can damage
A) cells.
B) bacterial endospores.
C) enveloped viruses.
D) nonenveloped and enveloped viruses.
E) cells and enveloped viruses.

E) cells and enveloped viruses.

9) An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a(n)
A) high-level germicide.
B) low-level germicide.
C) intermediate-level germicide.
D) degerming agent only.
E) germistatic agent only.

B) low-level germicide.

10) Which of the following is the most difficult to inactivate?
A) enveloped viruses
B) fungus spores
C) bacterial endospores
D) nonenveloped viruses
E) protozoan cysts

C) bacterial endospores

11) Which of the following describes flash pasteurization?
A) heating at 63�C for 30 minutes
B) heating at 72�C for 15 seconds
C) heating at 72�C for 15 minutes
D) heating at 134�C for one second
E) passing liquid through steam at 140�C

B) heating at 72�C for 15 seconds

12) Which of the following is bacteriostatic?
A) heating in an oven at 171�C for an hour
B) freezing below 0�C
C) filtration
D) autoclaving
E) flash pasteurization

B) freezing below 0�C

13) Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of
A) actively growing bacteria.
B) enveloped viruses.
C) bacterial endospores.
D) protozoan cysts.
E) both growing (vegetative) bacteria and enveloped viruses.

E) both growing (vegetative) bacteria and enveloped viruses.

14) Which of the following is NOT a feature associated with filtration?
A) nitrocellulose or plastic membrane filters
B) sterilization of heat-sensitive materials
C) varying thicknesses of membrane filters used
D) use of HEPA filters to filter air
E) abil

C) varying thicknesses of membrane filters used

15) Ultra-high-temperature sterilization effectively
A) reduces microbes that cause spoilage.
B) removes only mesophilic microbes.
C) reduces microbes that cause disease.
D) removes all microbes that cause diseases or spoilage.
E) reduces microbes that ca

D) removes all microbes that cause diseases or spoilage.

16) Which of the following types of radiation is nonionizing and has the shortest wavelength?
A) ultraviolet light
B) infrared radiation
C) microwaves
D) X rays
E) gamma rays

A) ultraviolet light

17) Which of the following is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables?
A) X rays
B) ultraviolet light
C) electron beams
D) microwaves
E) gamma rays

E) gamma rays

18) Which of the following can be used to reduce microbes in the air of a patient's room?
A) HEPA filters
B) ethylene oxide
C) ultraviolet light
D) both HEPA filters and ultraviolet light
E) both ethylene oxide and ultraviolet light

D) both HEPA filters and ultraviolet light

19) Silvadene, a topical treatment for burns, contains 1% silver. What category of chemical control agent is in Silvadene?
A) halogens
B) heavy metals
C) oxidizing agents
D) aldehydes
E) surfactants

B) heavy metals

20) Which of the following is the most appropriate pairing of microbe and biosafety level?
A) E. coli, BSL-3
B) anthrax, BSL-1
C) Ebola, BSL-2
D) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), BSL-2
E) tuberculosis, BSL-1

D) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), BSL-2

21) The use of lysozyme during the preparation of cheeses and wines is effective in reducing the numbers of
A) fungi.
B) viruses.
C) bacteria.
D) prions.
E) all microbes.

C) bacteria.

22) Seventy percent alcohol is effective against
A) enveloped viruses.
B) nonenveloped viruses.
C) bacterial endospores.
D) protozoan cysts.
E) prions.
Answer:
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Section: Chemical Methods of Microbial Control
Learning Outcome

A) enveloped viruses.

23) Which of the following is a sterilizing agent?
A) ozone
B) hydrogen peroxide
C) peracetic acid
D) dish soap
E) ozone and hydrogen peroxide

C) peracetic acid

24) Quaternary ammonium compounds are disinfectants effective against
A) endospores.
B) mycobacteria.
C) nonenveloped viruses.
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E) enveloped viruses.

E) enveloped viruses.

25) Which of the following is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to heat or water?
A) ethylene oxide
B) formaldehyde
C) hydrogen peroxide
D) calcium hypochlorite
E) triclosan

A) ethylene oxide

26) What effect do aldehydes have on microbial organisms?
A) They disrupt cytoplasmic membranes.
B) They inhibit enzymes.
C) They damage nucleic acids.
D) They disrupt membranes and enzyme function.
E) They damage proteins and DNA.

E) They damage proteins and DNA.

27) Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms are
A) aldehydes.
B) antibiotics.
C) halogens.
D) quaternary ammonium compounds.
E) triclosans.

B) antibiotics.

28) A chemical agent that kills pathogenic microbes in general is a(n)
A) sanitizer.
B) germicide.
C) disinfectant.
D) fungicide.
E) antiseptic.

B) germicide.

29) Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent?
A) It is inexpensive.
B) It is stable during storage.
C) It is harmless to humans.
D) It only arrests growth of vegetative cells.
E) It acts quickly.

D) It only arrests growth of vegetative cells.

30) Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?
A) Endospores are easy to store in the lab until needed.
B) Endospores are very simple structures and easy to detect.
C) Endospores are very hard to kill.
D) Endospores a

C) Endospores are very hard to kill.

31) A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by injection. Which of the following would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile solution of the new medication?
A) autoclaving
B) f

B) filtration

32) Which of the following procedures is currently the standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants?
A) use-dilution test
B) microbial death rate
C) in-use test
D) Kelsey-Sykes capacity test
E) phe

A) use-dilution test

33) Which of the following would be used to sterilize a mattress?
A) autoclaving
B) formaldehyde
C) ethylene oxide
D) heavy metals
E) non-ionizing radiation

E) non-ionizing radiation

34) Disinfectants that damage membranes include
A) alcohol.
B) phenolics.
C) iodine.
D) hydrogen peroxide.
E) both alcohol and phenolics.

E) both alcohol and phenolics.

35) Which of the following antimicrobial agents is the most toxic to humans?
A) 70% alcohol
B) ethylene oxide
C) quaternary ammonium compounds
D) chloramines
E) iodophors

B) ethylene oxide

36) The process of filtration is a(n)
A) disinfectant method.
B) sterilizing method.
C) sanitization method.
D) antiseptic procedure.
E) ineffective method for removing microbes.

B) sterilizing method.

37) Hydrogen peroxide is an effective
A) sterilizing agent.
B) disinfectant.
C) antiseptic.
D) disinfecting and sterilizing agent.
E) antiseptic and disinfectant.

D) disinfecting and sterilizing agent.

38) The process of incineration is used for
A) sterilization.
B) degerming.
C) disinfection.
D) sanitization.
E) both disinfection and sanitization.

A) sterilization.

39) Alcohols are used for
A) disinfection
B) sterilization
C) antisepsis
D) both sterilization and disinfection
E) both antisepsis and disinfection

E) both antisepsis and disinfection

40) Quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") are used for
A) antisepsis.
B) disinfection.
C) sterilization.
D) quantifying antimicrobial activity.
E) both antisepsis and disinfection.
Answer:
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Section: Chemical Methods of Mic

A) antisepsis.

41) The compound ethylene oxide is used in
A) sanitization.
B) sterilization.
C) antisepsis.
D) degerming.
E) disinfection.

B) sterilization.

42) Formalin (37% formaldehyde) is used for
A) antisepsis.
B) disinfection.
C) sterilization.
D) sanitization.
E) both disinfection and sterilization.

E) both disinfection and sterilization.

43) Betadine contains what type of chemical agent?
A) alcohol
B) aldehyde
C) halogen
D) heavy metal
E) phenolic

C) halogen

44) Gamma irradiation is effective for sterilization because it
A) damages molecules irreversibly.
B) is non-ionizing.
C) penetrates well.
D) destroys protein function, although DNA is undamaged.
E) is penetrating and causes extensive molecular damage.

E) is penetrating and causes extensive molecular damage.

45) Desiccation, a time-honored method of preserving food, is effective because the
A) heat of the process kills microbes.
B) freezing step of the process kills microbes.
C) salt concentration is too low to support metabolic function.
D) UV light used in

E) water content is too low to support metabolic function.