Human bacterial pathogens include which of the following?
a. All the types of species listed contain human bacterial pathogens
b. Facultative anaerobic species
c. Anaerobic species
d. Aerobic species
a. All the types of species listed contain human bacterial pathogens
One disadvantage to using broad-spectrum antibiotics is that these drugs:
a. destroy normal microbiota
b. are more easily inactivated by the host
c. are extremely toxic to the host
d. all of the above
a. destroy normal microbiota
Which of the following species have M protein, and produce streptokinases and
Streptolysin S?
a. S. aureus
b. S. epidermidis
c. S. pneumoniae
d. S. pyogenes
d. S. pyogenes
Which of the following species is a common resident of the human skin and can produce
lipase but no toxins?
a. S. aureus
b. S. epidermidis
c. S. pneumoniae
d. S. pyogenes
b. S. epidermidis
Which of the following species is a gram-positive, spore-forming opportunistic bacilli that is commonly found in human digestive tracts and is frequently involved in secondary infections?
a. C. difficile
b. C. albicans
c. C. trachomatis
d. C. sporogenes
a. C. difficile
Toxins produced by _______ can cause muscle contractions; Toxins produced by
_______ can prevent muscle contractions.
a. C. tetani; C. botulinum
b. B. anthracis; C. botulinum
c. C. tetani; B. anthracis
d. C. botulinum; C. tetani
a. C. tetani; C. botulinum
Which of the following statements about sepsis is FALSE?
a. It is only caused by gram positive bacteria
b. It requires immediate medical attention
c. It can sometimes be treated by administering atibiotics
d. It can sometimes be aggravated by antibiotic a
a. It is only caused by gram positive bacteria
A vaccine is available to protect against many strains of...
a. S. pneumoniae
b. S. epidermidis
c. S. pyogenes
d. S. aureus
a. S. pneumoniae
The bacterial proteins that can cause Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) would best be
described as:
a. Exotoxins
b. Endotoxins
c. Pyogens
d. Pyrogen
a. Exotoxins
What causes thrush and vaginitis
a. Clandida albicans
b. Chlamydia trachomatis
c. S. aureus
d. S. pyogenes
a. Clandida albicans
What causes warts?
a. Papillomavirus
b. Poxvirus
c. Herpesvirus
d. S. aureus
a. Papillomavirus
Which causes the most healthcare associated infections in the US?
a. Gram negative bacteria
b. Gram positive bacteria
c. Yeast
d. All cause the same amount
a. Gram negative bacteria
All of the following are normal microbiota of the skin except
a. Streptococcus
b. Micrococcus
c. Staphylcoccus
d. Propionibacterium
a. Streptococcus
This is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, bacterial species transmitted by fleas and
responsible for bubonic plague:
a. Y. pestis
b. H. pylori
c. R. rickettsii
d. N. gonorrhea
a. Y. pestis
Urinary tract infections are commonly caused by which of these bacterial species?
a. E. coli
b. T. pallidum
c. B. pertussis
d. S. sonnei
a. E. coli
You may experience fevers, nausea, nonbloody diarrhea, and abdominal cramps as a result of eating a meal contaminated with what bacteria?
a. Salmonella
b. Proteus
c. Shigella
d. Yersinia
a. Salmonella
Which of the following bacteria is the causative agent of whooping cough, a disease that affects the ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea?
a. B. pertussis
b. E. coli
c. Y. pestis
d. C. trachomatis
a. B. pertussis
Which of the following statements about salmonellosis is FALSE?
a. The mortality rate is high.
b. Severity of disease depends on number of organisms ingested.
c. It is often associated with poultry products.
d. It is a bacterial infection.
a. The mortality rate is high.
A patient with cystic fibrosis is suffering from a respiratory infection. The causative species was found to be a gram-negative rod, with a single polar flagella, and resistant to a number of antibiotics. What species is most likely responsible for this i
a. P. aeruginosa
Which of the following causes Ohio Valley Fever?
a. H. capsulatum
b. C. albicans
c. E. histolytica
d. P. falciparum
a. H. capsulatum
Vaccines exist that protect against:
a. all of these
b. B. pertussis
c. N. menengitidis
d. S. pneumonia
a. all of these
H. capsulatum is usually transmitted by what?
a. Bird and Bat Droppings
b. Cat Droppings
c. Ticks
d. Rats
a. Bird and Bat Droppings
A fungus that can infect both healthy and immunocompromised patients is what?
a. A true pathogen
b. Symbiotic organism
c. Parasite
d. Opportunistic pathogen
a. A true pathogen
Which fungal disease is found in almost all terminal AIDS patients?
a. Candidiasis
b. Mycetoma
c. Chromoblastomycosis
d. Blastomycosis
a. Candidiasis
What does Aspergillosis cause?
a. Non invasive fungal balls in lungs
b. Meningitis
c. Mucor infection
d. Cutaneous lesions
a. Non invasive fungal balls in lungs
A flagellated, helical-shaped bacteria that tolerates acidic environments, and is
responsible for most stomach ulcers:
a. H. pylori
b. Y. pestis
c. P. aeruginosa
d. R. rickettsii
a. H. pylori
T. pallidum, the bacteria responsible for syphilis, is a
a. spirochete
b. gram negative cocci
c. curved rod
d. gram positive cocci
a. spirochete
Which of the following viruses causes hemorrhagic fevers?
a. Ebola virus
b. Rabies virus
c. Influenza virus
d. Poliomyelitis virus
a. Ebola virus
Which of the following bacteria is a tiny, intracellular parasite that can take on two forms: an elementary body and a reticular body?
a. C. trachomatis
b. Y. pestis
c. H. capsulatum
d. B. pertussis
a. C. trachomatis
If you were diagnosed with Hepatitis B, a disease of the liver, which of the following virus families contains the virus that likely infected you?
a. Hepadnaviridae
b. Papillomaviridae
c. Poliomyelitis
d. Poxviridae
a. Hepadnaviridae
Which of the following species causes a mycosis?
a. C. albicans
b. R. rickettsia
c. V. cholera
d. S. epidermidis
a. C. albicans
No vaccines available today are effective at preventing:
a. Malaria
b. Rabies
c. Polio
d. Measles
a. Malaria
Candida, Toxoplasma, Tapeworms, Nematodes, and Plasmodium are:
a. all eukaryotes
b. all able to cross the placenta (can infect fetus before birth)
c. not able to be treated/cured with medication
d. only rarely found to infect humans
a. all eukaryotes
What disease does C. botulinum cause?
Botulism poisoning
What do C. botulinum cells look like?
Anaerobic gram positive rods
What are the two-three virulence factors of C. botulinum?
Spores, Botulism toxin
What is the treatment for diseases caused by C. botulinum?
Good food preservation
What do C. tetani cells look like?
Anaerobic gram positive rods
What disease does C. tetani cause?
Tetanus infection
What are the two-three virulence factors for C. tetani?
Spores, tetanus toxin
What is the treatment for diseases caused by C. tetani?
Tetanus shot
What do H. pylori cells look like?
Gram negative helical rods
What disease does H. pylori cause?
Stomach ulcers
What are the two-three virulence factors of H. pylori?
Flagella, Urease enzyme
What is the treatment for H. pylori?
Multi drug therapy
What do S. aureus cells look like?
Clusters of gram positive cocci
What disease does S. aureus cause?
Toxic Shock Syndrome
What are the two-three virulence factors of S. aureus?
Coagulase, exotoxins
What is the treatment of diseases caused by S. aureus?
Antibiotic, penicillin
What do S. pyogenes cells look like?
Chains of gram positive cocci
What disease is caused by S. pyogenes?
Throat infections (pharyngitis, tonsilitis), scarlet fever
What are the two-three virulence factors of S. pyogenes?
Hyaluronic acid capsule, pyrogenic toxin
What treatment is used for S. pyogenes?
Penicillin treatment
What do cells of V. cholerae look like?
Gram negative curved rods
What disease does V. cholerae cause?
Cholera
What are the two-three virulence factors of V. cholerae
Flagellum and Pili, Cholera toxin
What treatment is used for V. cholerae?
Human sanitation, use of chemical disinfectants
The virus that causes shingles and chickenpox:
a) poliomyelitis
b) herpes simplex
c) rotovirus
d) varicella-zoster
e) Epstein-Barr virus
d) varicella-zoster
A family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that can penetrate the intestinal lining and cause bloody diarrhea:
a) Staphylococci
b) Pseudomonas
c) Shigella
d) Helicobacter
e) Streptococci
c) Shigella
Which of the following are viral hemorrhagic fevers?
a) Zika Fever & Dengue
b) Rabies & Lyme Disease
c) Ebola & Marburg virus
d) HIV & Poliomyelitis
e) Influenza & the common cold
c) Ebola & Marburg virus
Malaria is caused by
a) Toxaplasma gondii
b) Epstein-Barr Virus
c) Plasmodium
d) Mosquitos
e) Helminths
c) Plasmodium
Ringworm is caused by what types of organisms?
a) helminths
b) protozoans
c) bacteria
d) viruses
e) fungi
e) fungi
Which of the following species is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacilli, and is the causative agent of the gas-filled blisters
characteristic of gas gangrene?
a) C. perfringens
b) C. albicans
c) C. trachomatis
d) C. elegans
e) C. patchulismo
a) C. perfringens
This spirochete bacteria is responsible for causing syphilis:
a) T. gondii
b) C. trachomatis
c) S. flexneri
d) N. gonorrhea
e) T. pallidum
e) T. pallidum
A number of hospital patients who were being treated for burns developed a bacterial infection. The causative species was
found to be a gram-negative rod, with a single polar flagella, and resistant to a number of antibiotics. What species is most
likely
e) P. aeruginosa
If left untreated, which of the following can progress from the primary, to the secondary, to the tertiary stage, in which it
can damage multiple tissues and organs, leading to neurological and/or cardiovascular abnormalities?
a) Gonorrhea
b) Poliomyeliti
c) Syphilis
Tooth decay occurs when sugars diffuse through plaque to the embedded bacteria, which in turn ferment sugars into
organic ____, which cannot diffuse out of the area, resulting in a gradual ______ of the enamel.
a) bases; precipitation
b) bases; buildup
c)
e)acids; dissolving
Doctors may prescribe synergistic drug combinations to treat microbial infections. The main purpose is to:
a) reduce the treatment time of the disease
b) prevent microorganisms from acquiring drug resistance
c) stimulate the host's immune response
d) admi
b) prevent microorganisms from acquiring drug resistance
Which of the following is a reason why helminthic and protozoan diseases are typically relatively difficult to treat?
a) they have a thick protective epidermis
b) they have many biochemical pathways in common with man
c) their cells are structurally diffe
...
Antimicrobial drugs with a low "therapeutic index" are generally _____ compared to drugs with a high therapeutic index.
a) more allergenic
b) more dangerous
c) safer
d) nontoxic
e) more selective
b) more dangerous
One third of the world's population would test positive for _________________, a chronic infection with characteristic
lesions that harden/calcify & scar lung tissues - this disease is the leading cause of death for those with HIV.
a) Tuberculosis
b) Pneu
a) Tuberculosis
What is the association between estrogens and the microbiota of the vagina?
a) Estrogens kill bacteria
b) Estrogens stimulate growth of certain bacteria
c) Estrogens kill yeast
d) Estrogens are a primary food supply for microbes
b) Estrogens stimulate growth of certain bacteria