Ch12: The Eukaryotes: Fungi

mycorrhizae

symbiotic fungi which help fungal roots absorb minerals and water from the soil

mycology

the study of fungi

vegetative

fungal colonies are called this

thallus

body that consists of long filaments of cells joined together

hyphae

filaments of the thallus

septa

hyphae that contain cross walls which divide them into distinct, uninucleate cell like units

coenocytic hyphae

hyphae that contain no septa and appear as long, continuous cells with many nuclei

mycelium

the hyphae grow to form a filamentous mass; visible to the unaided eye

budding yeasts

divide unevenly

pseudohypha

buds that fail to detach themselves

fission yeasts

divide evenly to produce two new cells

dimorphism

two forms of growth; usually common in the pathogenic species; they are temperature dependent

spores

are caused by both sexual and asexual reproduction in fungi

asexual spores

formed by the hyphae of one organism; genetically identical to the parent

sexual spores

result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus; happens less frequently

conidiospore

a unicellular or multicellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac; they are produced in a chain at the end of a conidiophore

arthroconidia

conidia formed by the fragmentation of a septate hypha into single, slightly thickened cells

blastoconidia

consists of buds coming off the parent cell

chlamydoconidium

thick walled spore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment; made by yeast C. albicans

sporangiospore

formed within a sporangium or sac at the end of an aerial hypha called a sporangiophore

plasmogamy

a haploid nucleus of a donor cell penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient cell

karyogamy

the + and - nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus

meiosis

the diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei some of which may be genetic recombinants

zygomycota

conjugation fungi, coenocytic hyphae, teleomorph

zygospore

large spore enclosed in a thick wall; results from the fusion of the nuclei of two cells that are morphologically similar to each other

ascomycota

molds with septate hyphae and some yeasts; sac fungi

ascospore

results from the fusion of the nuclei of two cells that can be either morphologically similar or dissimilar

basidiomycota

club fungi possess septate hyphae; produce mushrooms, base pedestal

teleomorphs

the produce both sexual and asexual spores

anamorphs

asexual fungi

mycosis

any fungal infection

systemic mycoses

fungal infection deep within the body

subcutaneous mycoses

fungal infections beneath the skin caused by saprophytic fungi that live in soil and on vegetation

dermatophytes

fungi that infect only the epidermis, hair, and nails; their infections are called dermatomycoses or cutaneous mycoses

lichen

a combination of green alga and a fungus

superficial mycoses

localized along hair shafts and surface epidermal cells