mycorrhizae
symbiotic fungi which help fungal roots absorb minerals and water from the soil
mycology
the study of fungi
vegetative
fungal colonies are called this
thallus
body that consists of long filaments of cells joined together
hyphae
filaments of the thallus
septa
hyphae that contain cross walls which divide them into distinct, uninucleate cell like units
coenocytic hyphae
hyphae that contain no septa and appear as long, continuous cells with many nuclei
mycelium
the hyphae grow to form a filamentous mass; visible to the unaided eye
budding yeasts
divide unevenly
pseudohypha
buds that fail to detach themselves
fission yeasts
divide evenly to produce two new cells
dimorphism
two forms of growth; usually common in the pathogenic species; they are temperature dependent
spores
are caused by both sexual and asexual reproduction in fungi
asexual spores
formed by the hyphae of one organism; genetically identical to the parent
sexual spores
result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus; happens less frequently
conidiospore
a unicellular or multicellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac; they are produced in a chain at the end of a conidiophore
arthroconidia
conidia formed by the fragmentation of a septate hypha into single, slightly thickened cells
blastoconidia
consists of buds coming off the parent cell
chlamydoconidium
thick walled spore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment; made by yeast C. albicans
sporangiospore
formed within a sporangium or sac at the end of an aerial hypha called a sporangiophore
plasmogamy
a haploid nucleus of a donor cell penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient cell
karyogamy
the + and - nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus
meiosis
the diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei some of which may be genetic recombinants
zygomycota
conjugation fungi, coenocytic hyphae, teleomorph
zygospore
large spore enclosed in a thick wall; results from the fusion of the nuclei of two cells that are morphologically similar to each other
ascomycota
molds with septate hyphae and some yeasts; sac fungi
ascospore
results from the fusion of the nuclei of two cells that can be either morphologically similar or dissimilar
basidiomycota
club fungi possess septate hyphae; produce mushrooms, base pedestal
teleomorphs
the produce both sexual and asexual spores
anamorphs
asexual fungi
mycosis
any fungal infection
systemic mycoses
fungal infection deep within the body
subcutaneous mycoses
fungal infections beneath the skin caused by saprophytic fungi that live in soil and on vegetation
dermatophytes
fungi that infect only the epidermis, hair, and nails; their infections are called dermatomycoses or cutaneous mycoses
lichen
a combination of green alga and a fungus
superficial mycoses
localized along hair shafts and surface epidermal cells