through this, states delegate to counties and local municipalities the authority to enact ordinances in keeping with general laws
enabling acts
a guide that tries to anticipate changing needs, created by local governments, municipalities and counties. it is long term and includes a general plan that can be revised, plans for specific areas and strategic plans
comprehensive plan
implement the comprehensive plan and regulate and control the use of land and structures within designated land use districts, in part by separating conflicting land uses
zoning ordinances
Zoning affects such thing as:
permitted uses of each ______ ___ _____
lot _____
types of _______
building _____
setbacks (the minimum _____ from property boundaries that structures may be built)
style and _____ of structures
density (the ratio of ___ ____
parcel of land, sizes, structures, heights, distance, appearance, land area, natural resources
a development where land is set aside for mixed use purposes, such as residential, commercial and public areas. heavily regulated by private restrictions.
planned unit development (PUD)
a strip of land separating land dedicated to one use from land dedicated to another use. Example: landscaped parks may be used to screen residential areas from nonresidential zones.
buffer zones
controls density and avoid overcrowding by imposing restictions such as setbacks, building heights, and percentage of open area by restricting new construction projects
bulk zoning
specifies certain types of architecture for new buildings
aesthetic zoning
ensures that certain uses are incorporated into developments
incentive zoning
a permit granted to a property owner to allow a special use of property that is defined as an allowable _____ ______ within that zone. It must meet certain standards set by the municipality.
conditional use
provides a relief if a zoning regulation deprives an owner of the reasonable use of the property. The owner must prove that the regulation has caused harm or created a burden.
variance
ordinances that specify construction standards that must be met when repairing or erecting buildings
building codes
one a completed structure has been inspected and found satisfactory with all applicable ordinances and codes, the building official will issue a ___ ____ _____. This must be issued before anyone can move in and before a lender will allow closing
certificate of occupancy
a person who buys undeveloped acreage and divides it into smaller lots for sale to individuals or developers or for their own use.
subdivider
someone who improves the land, constructs homes or other buildings on the lots and sells them
developer
charges made in advance to cover anticipated expenses involving off site capital improvements such as expanding water and sewer facilities, additional roads and school expansions
impact fees
a detailed map illustrating the geographic boundaries of individual lots
plat map
restrict the average maximum number of houses per acre that may be built within a particular subdivision
density zoning
limitations to the use of property imposed by a past owner or the current owner by inclusion in the deed to the property and are binding on future grantees
deed restrictions
private rules set up by the developer that establish standards for all the parcels within the defined subdivision or PUD, has a time limitation (unlike deed restrictions)
restrictive covenants (covenants, conditions and restrictions)
the legal principle that a right may be lost through undue delay or failure to assert it, occurs when the HOA fails to take prompt action while a violation of restrictive covenants is occurring.
laches
created to prevent fraudulent marketing schemes that may arise when land is sold without being seen by the purchasers.
Intestate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act (ILSA)