Queen Liliuokalani
the queen of Hawaii, who, in 1893, lost her reign when more than 160 US soldiers planned to overthrow the monarchy; "Hawaii for Hawaiians" agenda
imperialism
the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories
Alfred T. Mahan
Admiral of the US Navy who urged government officials to build American naval power in order to compete with other powerful nations, causing the US to build 9 steel cruisers; wrote "The Influence of Sea Power on History; urged US to: build navy, annex Haw
William Sweard
an early supporter of American expansion who was Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson, arranging the US to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million in 1867
Pearl Harbor
a place in Hawaii, the kingdom's best port, where US military and economic leaders pressured Hawaii to allow a naval base as a refueling station for ships
Sanford B. Dole
the head of the new government in Hawaii after overthrowing Queen Liliokalani, who refused to surrender power when Cleveland told him to
Social Darwinism
a belief that free-market competition would lead to survival of the fittest
Jose Marti
political activist who worked for Cuban independence; poet who spent time in the US trying to convince the US to help Cuba defeat Spain; led a rebellion in Cuba and died fighting for independence
Valeriano Weyler
called "The Butcher", general sent from Spain to Cubs to restore order in 1898, sent to kill the Cuban Revolution; put people in concentration camps for civilians and make a lot of Americans mad
George Dewey
US naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines
yellow journalism
reporting in newspapers and magazines that ezaggerated the news in order to make it more exciting
USS Maine
US warship that exploded in a Cuban harbor in 1898
Rough Riders
fighting unit led by Teddy Roosevelt in Cuba
San Juan Hill
location of an important American land victory in Cuba
Treaty of Paris
the treaty that ended the Spanish-American war
William Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
yellow journalists who made Americans hate Spain for writing about stories of the de Lome letters and the explosion of USS Maine
Foraker Act
law which ended military rule in Peurto Rico; setting up a civil government with US power to appoint Puerto Rico's governor and members of the upper house of legislature
Platt Amendment
provisions in the Cuban constitution that gave the US broad rights in that country; stated that: 1. Cuba couldnt make treaties that might limit independence or permit foreign power to control territory 2. US reserved right to intervene 3. Cuba couldnt be
protectorate
a country that is partly controlled by another, stronger country
Emilio Aguinaldo
Filipino rebel leader who believed that the US had promised independence and fought for freedom
John Hay
US secretary of state who issued the Open Door notes
Open door notes
message sent by John Hay to other countries to protect US trading rights in china; saying that no single nation would have a monopoly of trade with any part of China
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese rebellion against Western influence, 1900
Insular Cases
a Supreme Court ruling that all people in territories were NOT considered citizens (1901), repealed in 1917 for Puerto Ricans
Panama Canal
a channel across Central America, between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, that opened in 1914
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the US has the right to protect its economic interests in South and Central America by using military force
dollar diplomacy
the policy of intervening in other countries to protect US business interests
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
Mexican revolutionary who revolted against Carranza, some of his followers killing Americans and therefore the US captured him
John J Pershing
US general who led troops to capture Villa
missionary diplomacy
meant US could not officially recognize governments that were oppressive, undiplomatic or opposed to US business interests
Victor Huerta
leader of the second government after the Mexican rebellion, who Wilson refused to support because he came to power through violence
Emilano Zapata
Mexican revolutionary who revolted against Carranza