American Literature Unit 1

Captain Smith probably criticized the leaders of Jamestown colony and many of the colonists because (2)

weren't disciplined, weak, lazy
- so he could seem morally correct, honorable, selfless

Features on Map (5)

- sea creatures
- less detailed
- no legend
- natives
- very little about Virginia

How does the map help you understand the challenges that Smith faced?

did not understand the geography or animals of the area

2 of John Smith�s justifications

Robinson and Emry were killed because they were napping in canoe
- cassen died but smith told him not to get off boat

Why isn't John Smith a credible narrator? (4)

- he writes about himself in third person
- he made it seem like he did all the work
- he gives himself all the credit
- overpraises himself

President Wingfield
Who was he? Connection to Smith?
Actions- tried to? who was he replaced with?

- president
- member of council
- deposed
- tried to escape
Ratcliffe

Captain Kendall
Who was he? Connection to Smith
Actions- How did he die?

- John Smith accomplice
- member of council
- didn't follow Smith
- stay or sink

Robinson and Emry
Connection to Smith?
Actions- How did they die?

- go on expedition with him
- fell asleep by canoes

George Cassen
Connection to Smith?
Who was he killed by? Why?
Who did he capture?

- one of his crew
- went on boat with him, part of expedition
- killed by natives after leaving boat when told not to
- captured 2 natives used as guide and human shield

Where was Equiano born?

Eboe province, now southern Nigeria

How did he become a slave? Age? With who? Who was he sold by? Where was he shipped to?

- kidnapped
- 11
- sister
- local slave traders
- across the Atlantic to Barbados then Virginia

Who was he sold to?

- Royal Navy officer
- Lieutenant Michael Pascal

What was he renamed? Where did he travel? For how long? What did he learn to do?

- Gustavus Vassa
- oceans
- 8 years
- read and write

What are some of the emotions Equiano experiences when he first boards the slave ship?

astonishment and fear

How did he become a free man?

he bought his own freedom

What did he do after he was free? year? where?

- became involved in the movement to abolish slavery
- 1786
- London

In the beginning, what does Equiano think is going to happen to him?

die and get eaten

Why does he think the boat is controlled by bad spirits? (3)

- doesn't know about boats
- too evil to be people
- different language

Why does Equiano feel a little better when he hears that he will work for white people?

doesn't die, just work

How did most people die?

suffocation

Why was he above deck?

- he was sick
- no room to breathe
- he was young
- he was good with cargo

How were they sold?

in groups

What did Equiano think was immoral?

separating families

Why did Equiano call them Nominal Christians?

because they wouldn't do the things they did if they were real christians

What did he feel? (3)

- flogging
- heat, people, and perspiration
- chains

What did he see? (7)

- boat
- white man
- africans chained
- families torn apart
- selling of slaves
- cargo
- furnace

What did he taste? (2)

- wine
- loss of appetite

What did Christopher Columbus write? How many years ago? What did it inspire?

- a journal
- 500 years ago
- inspired the earliest works of American Literature

What did people do after Columbus' voyages? For how long? Who?

- explored the America actively
- 50 years
- Europeans

What inspired many of the earliest works of American Literature?

- desire to explore
- desire to describe the continent

Explorers hoped and believed in the tales of: (5)

- Earthly Paradise- El Dorado
- Fountain of Youth
- Cure of all diseases
- Fastest route to Asia
- Gold rivers

Why did all hopes come to be untrue? (2)

- grim stories of the new world
- savages

Stories told the life about: (6)

- killings
- battles
- traditions
- mistreatment of Indians
- Hardships of living in New World
- Voyages

What happened in the 16th century?

interest in North America changed from exploration to settlement

Why did people travel to the new world? (3)

- lack of freedom to practice religion
- economic stability- leadership
- political opression

New interest in settlement produced literature such as: (4)

- inexpensive pamphlets
- poetry
- brochures
- journals

How did early settlers describe the new land for those still in Europe? (2)

- giving vivid details about the landscapes, wonders, as well as its dangers and challenges
- accounts helped English readers visualize North America

Colonists focused on: (2)

- the story of new settlements and their larger purpose
- unjust treatment of Native Americans but mostly slaves

What was John Smith the author of? It was one of the...

The General History of Virginia
- earliest works of American Literature

Before Jamestown, what adventures did John Smith go on? (3)

- valiant soldier
- pirate
- traveled all over Europe and Northern Africa

Why was Smith restless in England?

he became actively involved with the Virginia Companys plan to colonize Virginia for profit

When was Smith captured? By who? Who saved him? How old was she?

- December 1607
- Powhatan Indians
- Pocahontas
- 11 years old

When did Smith take control of the colony? Why?

- September 1608
- personal conflicts, laziness, and poor leadership

What was John Smith's opinion? What rule did he make?

- the colony would fail unless everyone worked
- He that will not work, shall not eat

How was Smith injured? Where did he go to? When? Did he ever return?

- gunpowder burn
- returned to England for treatment
- October 1609
- never returned to Virginia

When did John Smith return to the New World? Where? What term did he coin?

- 1614
- Maine and Massachusetts
- New England

How did John Smith make his living? (2)

- writing about the short time he spent in Virginia
- how- to manual's on establishing colonies

What did John Smith work on several versions of? What did this make difficult to do?

- General History of Virginia
- determine which parts of his life are fact and which are fiction

What person is GHV in?

third person

Beginning of GHV
Condition of men:
Food:
How many days has it been?
Why was the condition better when they had the ships? Who did the trade with? for what? Why did they leave?
Who is president at this time?
What type of leader is he?

- men were weak and sick
- food is spoiled or has worms, only water
- 10 days
- traded with sailors for biscuits
- sailors sail back
- Edward Wingfield
- selfish, has good food

Second Part of GHV
- what is Virginia worse than?
From May to September how did they survive?
How many people died?
What is president doing now?
Who was deposed?
Who is in charge now?
Who dies?
Who else is deposed?
Who is working together?
Who is newly di

- England
- sturgeon and sea crabs
- 50
- trying to escape
- Wingfield
- Ratcliffe
- Gosnold
- Kendall
- Martin and Ratcliffe
- Smith

Third part of GHV
How bad is the situation?
What is John Smith directing this to?
What does John Smith use? why?
Who has weak judgment in danger?
Describe John Smith (5)

- completely out of food, hoping god saves them, natives help and bring food
- English Christians
- uses religious references so they can listen and not give himself all the credit
- Ratcliffe and Martin
John Smith:
- selfless
- pointed people to do their

Fourth part of GHV
- who is in charge? what did they do?
- who did they meet? what did they do with them? how many times?
- did they save the food or eat it?
- What option does John Smith give to Wingfield and Kendall?
- What does this say about John Smit

- Wingfield and Kendall, tried to escape
- Indians, did Journeys to meet them 2 to 3 times
- they ate it fast
- stops them and tells them to stay or sink in the water
- man of his word, heroic, cant cross him, he knows everything
- Kendall, John Smith sho

Fifth part of GHV
who else tries to escape? Does anyone stop it? who?
Who does John talk to? why?
- what season is coming?
- What is the main problem of making settlement run smoothly?
How are the people undisciplined?

- president and captain archer. john stops it
- John talks to natives for more food
- becoming winter
- the men that came over aren�t disciplined
1. they spend the food
2. constantly trying to flee or overthrow him
3 he tells people to stay ashore but the

Sixth part of GHV
Who did he have prisoner? why?
How many savages did he have?
Why were John Smith? people killed?
How many arrows did John Smith take?
How many Natives did he kill?
What does this say about John Smith?

- a native guide
- 2 savages and a couple
- 1 killed for leaving boat after being told not to
- 2 killed for sleeping by canoes
- other used as a human body shield
- 200 arrows
- slew 2
- stubborn, a true warrior

Seventh part of GHV
after John Smith was captured who was he brought to?
- what did they do to him?
- what was the vote for?
who saved him?

- Powhatan
- washed him , fed him
- voted to kill him
- Pocahontas saved him

Eighth part of GHV
- What does the chief take him as?
What does Powhatan give him? in exchange for what?
What does this say about John Smith?
Where does he go to?
How long was he in prison for?
How is Jamestown?
what do the natives come with?
What are nat

- son
- gives him land in exchange for 2 guns and grindstone
- charismatic leader, able to calmly survive and make a plan
- Jamestown
- beginning of winter to dead of winter, 2 or 3 months
- food
- guns, they didn't know they were that powerful

Ninth part of GHV
- who wants to leave? where?
- why didn't they leave before?
- who are people plotting against?
- What are they trying to do to John Smith?
- Who was John Smith saved by?

- colonizers, want to go back to England
- didn't have food
- John Smith
- want to have him put to death by Levitical Law for the lives of Robinson and Emry (if you kill someone you shall die)
- lawyers

Conclusion of GHV
Who does he thank for all the blessings including Pocahontas?
- How often do Natives come? for what?
- who does he give most credit to?

- god
- every few days, food
- god

Why are colonists sick and weak?

- food was spoiled
- worms in food
- only had water
- no biscuits

What do the Native Americans bring to the colonists?

food

What two plans of the colony�s leaders does Smith stop?

- escaping on ship
- wingfield and kendall

What does Powhatan tell Smith to send back after Smith�s release?

2 guns and grindstone

Whom does Smith give credit with protecting the colonists in their activities?

god and pocahontas

What did he smell? (3)

- human waste
- death
- must

What did he hear? (3)

- language of white people
- crying of people
- sounds of fear

Many of the settlers in the 1600's were:

Puritans

Who are puritans?

a group of English Protestants who had sought to �purify� the Church of England and return to simpler ways of worshipping

Puritan Literature includes (3)

- diaries
- poetry
- sermons

What were diaries also called?

spiritual autobiographies

poetry

place heavily values considerable above things of the world

Puritan Beliefs (3)

Three beliefs pervade Puritan writing and deeply influenced later American Culture
- Grace
- Plainness
- Divine Mission

Grace (2)

Puritans wish to be saved and so go to heaven because of God�s grace.
- Must live for god

Plainness (2)

returning their life to pure plain christian lives to just be focused on God
- No dancing, no form of entertainment

Divine Mission

The puritans job was to find grace and live for god and turn more people to god

Theology of John Calvin �Calvinism� (6)

- God is a god of authority; king and rule
- Our duty in this world is to see that God�s will prevails
- We discover what God wants us to do by reading the Bible
- Because of Adam�s fall, mankind is totally corrupt from birth- original sin
- some of us wi

Their Safe Arrival at Cape Cod
time of year:
- what is the first thing that happens
- where did they arrive
- who did they give credit to
- how was the voyage
- who did they have when they arrived

- Fall, dead of winter
The pilgrims arrive finally after sailing for months with trips full of hardships.
- They arrived at a dangerous and treacherous place. Gave god credit for arriving.
- There was a lot of voyage turbulence.
- No friends or houses to

The First Encounter
time of year:
what happened:
what did they take?
who did they encounter?

- December 6th
Found an abandoned village and were attacked. Take corn and beans. Later encounter hostile Indian and pilgrims

The Starving Time
time of year:
weather:
hardships:
who helps who?
how many people dead?
how many unsick people?

- January and February
- cold, famine, disease
- scurvy
- unsick people helped sick people
- 1/2 of people died
- only 7 good people

Indian Relations
time of year:
who did what?
why?
what did he teach them? what was his name?
who did he introduce?
how many terms? what did they decide?

- March 16th
- The Natives ran away and stole tools
- they were scared
- Samoset showed them how to work land and introduce them to Squanto. The peace treaty, 6 terms

First Thanksgiving
time of year:
- what did they gather?
- how much did they eat?
- what are they saving up for?

- November 1621
- gather harvest and ate a lot
- saving up for winter

What does this tell you about the Puritans?

- they are tight and keep together

Bradford refers to the �poor people�s present condition� after the Pilgrims land at Cape Cod. What does he mean by this?

They were isolated from the rest of society and had no rest or relief after they arrived from the voyage

What do the Pilgrims do when they find corn at a deserted Native American house?

ate the corn and beans but were going to pay back. they also realized they had civilization such as farming, food, and homes

The men exploring Cape Cod hear a hideous and great cry Why do they at first think that this is not a threat?

at first the men thought it was a wolf or some other beast because one of the men said they heard the sound at newfoundland

what surprises the Pilgrims when they first communicate directly with a Native American? (2)

- shocked that he can speak English
- grateful that he can help

what do the Pilgrims have to be thankful for by the time of their first Thanksgiving? (5)

they had enough food for the winter
- made peace with the natives
- new found alliance and treaty
- homes and shelter
- good health

Who are the special instruments? What does that mean? what credit?

- Pocahontas and Squanto
- doesn't give them credit
- gives god credit
- sent from god

What does Bradford's description tell you about Puritan attitudes toward nature? (3)

- dont like or respond well to the environment
- fear the new land
- mother nature was cruel

What event changed the colonists ideas about Native Americans (2)

- the native abandonment
- samoset

What would have changed if Bradford wrote a personal account of his experience in America? (2)

more about himself
- conceited

Why isn't the treaty fair? (2)

doesn't help the natives
- not specific or clear

what are Bradford�s religious beliefs? (3)

- read bible seriously
- devoted his life to god
- didn't turn his back on god

What did Bradford do in 1620?

left his 4 year old son and and joined the separtist

what was the mayflower compact? (3)

guidelines of how to conduct yourself
- work together
- always thinking of god

How many times was Bradford re elected?

30

What is the story behind the history of Plymouth plantation?

details history and first batch arrived in November
- went bad

why was Bradford sad at the end? (3)

wanted people to come to Plymouth and be committed
- but people started committing crimes and he felt like he failed
- people wanted to use their brain

Anne Bradstreet (year born to death)

1612-1672

Who was the first american poet?

anne bradstreet

When did Anne Bradstreet travel to Boston from England?

1630

how many children did she have?

8

Why was she ill?

childhood illness

What are the themes of her poetry? (4)

- loneliness
- family
- struggles of a puritan wife
- unsettled wilderness

What were her beliefs? (4)

- strong intuition
- human mind
- spirit
- inner guidance

What was her writing about?

- simple
- great vocabulary
- speaks of woman intelligences

what did she disguise her writing through?

religion

metaphor

if ever two were one then surely we

hyperbole

more than gold

personification

rivers cannot quench

How much does she prize her husband's love?

more than any material

what does the speaker feel that she cannot repay?

can�t repay her husbands love

if the couple persevere in their love, what will be the consequences? (4)

- not together physically but spiritually
- the love will go on until they die
- soul mates
- when I die, ill wait for you in the after life

What is her initial reaction when her house is burning?

pray to god

how does she feel at first and why doesn't she give up hope? (5)

- at first she feels like losing her home is like losing a person
- grieves over home
- realizes its just material
- home belongs to god anyways
- her ultimate home is heaven

when did the fire happen?

at night when she was sleeping

what is her desire?

doesn't desire this for anyone even thought it was desired for her
- had desire for someone to yell fire

why was losing her home worth it?

she was materialistic, too attached, and greedy with her home

why didn't she complain?

god gave it to her so he can take it

what vivid memories does the speaker have of the house that has been destroyed? (3)

- guests
- family gatherings
- children's outfits

what events had the speaker hoped to experience in that house? (3)

- her children getting married
- guest
- first place she lived after marriage

how does the speaker envision the house that will be her death? 4

- heavenly
- god is architect
- best furnished house
- purchase and paid for by god

what is the meaning and importance of the covenant? (2)

agreement binding god and people
- to create successful, god loving behavior

what specific behaviors did Winthrop expect of the colonists who were part of the covenant? (6)

- follow god
- be fair
- love mercy
- walk humbly
- work together
- treat everybody as they are you

what would be the consequences of failure to keep the covenant with god?

god will seek revenge

how did Winthrop hope to hold together his community?

...

How effective was Winthrop�s use of the city upon a hill analogy? (6)

perfect, holy city
- cities around see it
- people from other cities come over to learn
- on a hill because they are above everyone else
- others will follow by their example
- aim higher, work harder

to what extent did john Winthrop provide a powerful and workable founding vision? (2)

to create perfect godly city
- example of how god wants them to live

analogy

comparison of two things that are alike in some respects. often explains or describes something unfamiliar by comparing it to something more familiar

emotional appeals

- fear
- pity
- guilt

Fear

which taps into people's fear of losing their safety and security

Pity

which takes advantage of people's sympathy and compassion for others

Guilt

which results on people's sense of ethics or morality

Where was Jonathon Edwards born?

conneticut

Who was Jonathon Edwards family?

strict, notewrothy ministers

What did Jonathon Edwards believe in?

calvinism

Jonathon Edwards where did he go to college? what age?

- yale
- 13

What did Jonathon Edwards study?

theology

Where did Jonathon Edwards move to?

Massachusetts

What was Jonathon Edwards job? where?

minister of local church

What did Jonathon Edwards do in terms of love?

married and raised a family

how did Jonathon Edwards die?

smallpox vaccination

What happened by the time Jonathon Edwards died?

the extremism of the Great Awakening had been rejecte

What did Jonathon Edwards after he was voted out? (2)

- became missionary in a Native American Settlement
- President of the college of new jersey, now princeton

How did Jonathon Edwards go too far? (2)

named backsliders from his pulpit
- members of the best families in town

Why did Jonathon Edwards go too far?

to restore the church to the position of authority he had

What was the result of Jonathon Edwards going too far?

turned against him and voted him out

What movement did Jonathon Edwards begin? what was it?when?

the great awakening
- a religious revival
- 1734-1750

Why did Jonathon Edwards become famous?

fire sermons

What was Jonathon Edwards goal? (2)

to heighten his follower commitment to religion
- enrich their religious experience

What did Jonathon Edwards feel people must do?

- must be moved by religious ideas not just comprehend it

Why was puritanism collapsing as an institutionalized religion?

beliefs and form of church organization weakened by the new rationalism of the age of reason

how hard is it for a person to crush a worm or burn the thread from which something may hang?

easy

Whom does God cast down to hell?

his enemies- unconverted, sinners, people who arent't that religious

Is it hard for God to take this action?

no

What emotions from God to God's enemies feel most strongly?

anger and wrath

In line 14-18, what imagery does Edwards use in these lines?

vivid images of hell such as fire

Why does God have a bow and arrows?(3)

allusion to natives
- analogy to bow and anger, hold back anger and let go
- emptied out of blood because of sins

Why hasn't he used them yet? (2)

ultimately, you can have a change of heart
- is holding back anger

What will happen to people who are born again

saved, had grace of god, elect

What does Edward compare a sinner to? What is god doing to the sinner? Why hasn't God dropped the sinner into the fiery pit?

- spider, insect, gross
- dangling over fiery pit
- can change
- he has so much power he can do it when he wants

What does Edward compare God's wrath to?

wide and bottomless pit, on going

What is the extraordinary opportunity?

doesn't mean you are going to heaven but you escape indamnation

What two types of people does Jonathon Edwards describe?

people rejoicing and people who are just there

What call to action does Jonathon Edwards make at the end of his sermon?

this is your opportunity to take it or god will be angry

Who is Jonathon Edwards most angry with?

people on earth because they can change and convert others
people in hell are already learning their lesson

How did Jonathon Edwards convert people?

fear

Who was the author of "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

Olaudah Equiano

Who was the author of "The General History of Virginia

John Smith

Who was the author of "Plymouth Plantation"?

William Bradford

Who was the author of "to my dear and loving husband

Anne Bradstreet

Who was the Author of "Upon the Burning of our House"?

anne bradstreet

Who was the author of "sinners in the hands of an angry god"?

jonathon edwards

a model of christian charity

john winthrop