Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
Which of the following acts can be classified as precompetitive legislation?
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
The _________ was called "a sweeping overhaul of the financial regulatory system... on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the Great Depression.
Civil
____ law defines the rights and duties of individuals and organizations (including businesses).
Criminal
____ law not only prohibits specific actions in business such as fraud, theft, or securities trading violations, but also imposes fines or imprisonment for breaking the law.
Strategic philanthropy
_________ is the synergistic and mutually beneficial use of an organization's core competencies and resources to deal with key stakeholders so as to bring about organizational and societal benefits.
Distinguish competitive strategies that enhance consumer welfare from those that reduce it.
The primary objective of US Antitrust laws is to
Voluntary
___________ responsibilities relate to a business's contributions to stakeholders
Cause-related marketing
______tie(s) an organization's product(s) directly to a social concern through a marketing program.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin
institutionalization
The ______ of ethics involves embedding values, norms, and artifacts in organizations, industries, and society.
Values
Organizations that have ethics programs based on a _______ orientation are found to make a greater contribution than those based simply on compliance, or obeying laws and regulations.
Corporate culture
The ___________ can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization.
Social
_________ institutions include religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit.
Guilt
_________ is the first sigh that an unethical decision has occurred.
Obedience to authority
__________ involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question. It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.
Awareness level
If management fails to identify and educate employees about ethical problem ares, ethical issues may not reach the critical
Ethical awareness
_____________ is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension.
Moral intensity
__________ relates to individuals' perceptions of social pressure and the harm they believe their decisions will have on others.
Immediate job contect
The ___________ includes the motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior.
Difference principle
The __________ states that economic and social equalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society.
Stakeholders
Those who have a claim in some aspect of a firm's products, operations, markets, industry, and outcomes are known as
Stakeholder interaction model
A firm that makes use of a __________ recognizes other stakeholders beyond investors, employees, and suppliers, and explicitly acknowledges the two-way dialog that exists between a firm's internal and external environments.
Primary
A stakeholder group that is absolutely necessary for a firm's survival is defined as
Community
Public health and safety and support of local organizations are issues most relevant to which stakeholder group.?
Environmental groups
Minimizing the use of energy and reducing emissions and waste are issues of importance to which stakeholder?
Milton Friedman
The idea that the mission of business is to produce goods and services at a profit, thus maximizing its contribution to society is associated with
Adam Smith
The originator of the idea of the Invisible Hand, which is a fundamental concept in free market capitalism, was
A stakeholder orientation
The degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands can be referred to as
Legal, Economic, Ethical, Philanthropic
What are the four levels of social responsibility?
Shareholder
The __________ model is founded in classic economic principles.
Integrity
___________ is an important element of virtue and means being whole, sound, and in unimpaired condition.
Social engineering
___________ involves tricking individuals into revealing their passwords or other valuable corporate information.
Bribery
___________ is the offering of something of value in order to gain an illicit advantage.
Intellectual property rights
Concerns involving copyright infringement on books, movies, and music, and other illegally produced goods relate to which type of ethical issue?
Bullying
____________ is associated with a hostile workplace where someone considered a target is threatened, harassed, belittled, or verbally abused.
a trade-off between equity and efficiency.
Optimization is defined as
requiring an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical.
An ethical issue is a problem, situation, or opportunity
Develop ethical-issue awareness
The first step toward understanding business ethics is to
advance their own personal interests, those of the organization, or those of some other group.
Conflicts of interest exist when employees must choose whether to
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
This makes it illegal for individuals, firms, or third parties doing business in American markets to "make payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business.
Customers'
Most organizations with strong ethical climates usually focus on the core value of placing ________ interests first.
Lower stock value and prices
Investors are concerned about business ethics because they know that misconduct can
bribery of officials in other countries
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act outlawed
was designed to make the financial services industry more responsible.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
codifying into law incentives for organizations to take action such as developing ethical compliance programs to prevent misconduct.
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations set the tone for organizational ethics compliance programs by
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The __________ was/were enacted to restore confidence in financial reporting and business ethics after the accounting scandals of the early 2000s.
specific and pervasive boundaries for behavior that are universal and absolute
Principles are
Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct
Which of the following was developed in the 198s to guide corporate support for ethical conduct by establishing a method for discussing best practices?
activities undertaken by independent individuals, and groups to protect their rights as consumers.
The 1960s saw a rise of consumerism. What is consumerism?
an organization's obligation to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects on stakeholders
Social responsibility is
Procedural
________ justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results.
Centers on one's long-term self-interest but takes others' well-being into account
Enlightened egoism
Deontology
Which moral philosophy focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than its consequences?
Teleology
Which moral philosophy considers an act to be morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result?
Act deontology
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of am action on the basis of the equity, fairness, and impartiality of the action, with rules serving as guidelines in the decision making process?
The relativist perspective
Which moral perspective defines ethical behavior subjectively from the unique experiences of individuals and groups?
Universal ethical principle
Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?
The principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong
Moral philosophy refers to
Rule utilitarianism
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of am action on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest overall utility rather than by examining situations individually?
Virtue ethics
________ argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a "good" moral character would deem appropriate.