102.11
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matter
-refers to anything that occuies space and has weight
colids
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liquids
-form of matter having definite weight and volume, but no definite shape
gases
-form of mattter having definite weight but indefinite volume and shape
physical change
-a change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance
chemical change
-a change in a substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from those of the original substance
keratin
-a protein that accounts for 97% of the makeup of hair
hydrogen bond
-side bond that works on the principle that unline charges attract
-can easily be broken by heat or water
-makes up about 35% of hair's strength
chemistry
-the scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter
organic chemistry
-deals with all matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present, such as plants and animals
inorganic chemistry
-studies all matter that is not alive, has never been. Aline and does not contain
element
-basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
atom
-the smallest complete unit of an element
proton
-positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
neutron
-particle with no electric charge found in the nucleus of an atom
electron
-negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom
molecule
-two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond
compound
-molecule formed when two or more different atoms combine chemically
amino acid
-building blocks of protein
protein
-formed by amino acids
-hair is a form of protein called keratin
peptide bond
-chemical bond formed by two amino acid molecules where amino end attaches to acid end
-aka end bond
side bond
-bond formed when amino acids are lined up side by side
salt bond
-side bond that helps organize protein chains
-can easily be weakened by water leaving hair more pliable
van der waals forces
-a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
102.12
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potential hydrogen (pH)
-a numerical measurement that indicated the acidity or alkalinity of a water-based substance
acid
-water based solution measuring more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions
-measures less than 7 on the pH scale
alkali
-water based solution measuring more negative hydroxide ions than positive hydrogen ions
-measures higher than 7 on the pH scale
neutral
-indicates equal number of positive hydrogen ions and negative hydroxide ions
-measures 7 on the pH scale
pH scale
-a logarithmic scale that ranges from 0-14
-substances with a pH less than 7 are acidic
-substances with a pH more than 7 are alkaline
-substances with a pH of 7 are neutral
pH meter
-determines the pH value of a solution
indicator paper
-a strip of paper coated with a combination of indicators to measure the approximate pH of a solution
indicator
-a compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base
liquid
-form of matter having definite wight and volume, but no definite shape
pH balanced
-a product with a pH from 4.5-5.5 (average pH range of hair, skin, and nails)
102.13
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Cream rinse
-used to soften, add shine and smoothness to the hair while making the hair tangle free for ease in combing
Medicated rinse
-product used to control minor dandruff and scalp conditions
Conditioner
-special chemical agent applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore hair strength, give hair body, or to protect hair against possible breakage.
Instant conditioner
-a conditioner that can be rinsed out right after application
Body building conditioner
-used to displace excess moisture, providing more body to the hair
-made from protein
Customized conditioner
-used to moisturize and build body
Moisturizing conditioner
-used to add moisture to dry, brittle hair
Dimethicone
-found the conditioners
-gives softness to the feel of hair without weighing it down
Emulsion
-two or more nonmixable substances united with the help of a binder
Fatty alcohol
-ingredient found in conditioners
-gives hair a smooth feel when dry and makes it easier to comb
-creamy in texture and helps retain moisture
Humectant
-chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture
Water
-universal solvent
Normalizing conditioner
-used to close the cuticle after alkaline chemical services
Solution
-a mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another
Solute
-a substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Solvent
-a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Suspension
-mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules that will separate if left standing
emulsion
-two or more nonmixable substances united with the help of a binder
ointment
-mixtures of organic substances asnd medicinal agent, usually found in a semi solid form
Soap
-mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and the purified
Surfactant
-used to remove oil from hair
-also called surface active agent
Hydrophilic
-refers to the water loving part of a molecule
Lipophilic
-refers to the oil-loving part of a molecule
Concentrated solution
-solution that contains a large quantity of the solute in comparison to the quantity of solvent
Saturated solution
-solution that cannot take or dissolve any more solute than it already holds
Dilute solution
-solution that contains a small quantity of the solute in comparison to the quantity of solvent
Universal solvent
-water
Miscible
-describes two liquids that are soluble in each other
Immiscible
-liquids that are not soluble in each other
Acid mantle
-a layer of oil and sweat found in the sebaceous glands-keeps the skin smooth, prevents dirt and grime from entering the outer layer of the epidermis and also prevents the skin from drying or chapping -protects the cuticle or outer covering of the hair fi
Soft water
-rainwater or chemically softened water that contains only small amounts of minerals and, therefore, allows soap and shampoo to lather freely
Hard water
-water that has certain dissolved ions in it - predominately calcium and magnesium ions
Shampoo
-a preparation to be used for cleansing the hair; the act of cleansing hair.
Plain shampoo
-cleanse normal hair but not recommended for chemically treated or damaged hair
pH balanced shampoo
-shampoo that is balanced to the pH of skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5)
Aerosol dry shampoo
-absorbs oil at the roots
-used by clients wanting to extend the time between shampoos and add texture
Non aerosol powder dry shampoo
-cleanses the hair of clients whose health prohibits them from receiving a wet shampoo service
-absorbs oil and distributes oil as the product is brushed through the scalp and hair
All purpose shampoo
-used to cleanse the hair without correcting any special condition
Anti dandruff shampoo
-used to control dandruff and other scalp conditions
Clarifying shampoo
-used to remove residue such as product buildup
Color shampoo
-used to enhance color-treated hair and tone noncolor-treated hair temporarily
-available in a variety of colors
Medicated shampoo
-prescribed by the client's doctor to treat scalp and hair problems and disorders such as minor dandruff conditions
-may affect color-treated hair
Neutralizing shampoo
-restores the hair to its 4.5-5.5 pH by neutralizing any remaining alkaline values
-used generally in conjunction with a chemical relaxing service
Strengthening protein additive shampoo
-cleanses and conditions
-deposits protein fragments along the hair shaft
Conditioning shampoo
-used to improve the tensile strength and porosity of the hair
Liquid dry shampoo
-used to cleanse the scalp and hair for clients who are unable to receive a normal shampoo
-effective in cleaning wigs and hairpieces
Soapless shampoo
-used to cleanse hair with either soft or hard water
Thinning hair shampoo
-used to cleanse the hair without weighing it down
Rinse
-help close the cuticle of hair and makes hair feel soft and manageable
Vinegar-lemon (acid) rinse
-used to keep the cuticle compact, remove soap scum, return the hair to its pH balance
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