All cells contain which of the following characteristics?
-Cell membrane
-Chromosomes
-Ribosomes
Viruses are not considered living things because they only show signs of life when they are inside a host BLANK.
Cell
The two major types of prokaryotic cells are BLANK and BLANK.
-bacteria
-archaea
Bacterial appendages can be divided into which two functional groups?
-Provide motility
-Provide attachment sites or channels
Which appendage(s) provide motility?
-Flagellum
-Axial filaments
Which of the following is considered to be the basic unit of life?
Cell
Which of the following are characteristics inherent to life?
-Metabolism
-Heredity
-Growth and development
Prokaryotic cells evolved on Earth about how many years ago?
3.5 billion years
Bacterial appendages that provide attachment sites or channels are called BLANK and BLANK
-fimbriae
-pili
Which of the following describes a single, polar flagellum?
Monotrichous
Appendages that propel bacterial cells through an aqueous environment include BLANK and axial filaments
flagella
The movement of an organism away from a chemical repellent is called BLANK chemotaxis.
negative
Which of the following bacteria could exhibit phototaxis?
Photosynthetic bacteria
Which of the following bores through the stomach lining and causes gastric ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
What is the name for corkscrew-shaped bacteria?
Spirochetes
Which of the following describes a random arrangement of flagella distributed all over the bacterial cell?
Peritrichous
Which of the following is the movement towards or away from a chemical stimulus?
Chemotaxis
Which of the following describes the movement towards or away from light?
Phototaxis
A(n) BLANK filament is a periplasmic flagellum found in some spirochete bacteria.
axial
Which of the following bacteria use their flagella to invade mucus membranes and cause infections?
-Vibrio cholerae
-Helicobacter pylori
BLANK are spiral-shaped bacteria characterized by periplasmic flagella and display a worm-like mode of locomotion.
Spirochetes
Identify which of the following are external structures used primarily for direct contact interactions with other cells.
-Fimbriae
-Pili
Which of the following describes a cluster of flagella emerging from the same site?
Lophotrichous
Bacterial pili are composed of the protein BLANK.
Pilin
Elongated, rigid tubes on gram-negative bacteria that are involved in the transfer of DNA from one cell to another are called which of the following?
Conjugation pili
Twisting or flexing of spirochete bacteria is attributed to which of the following?
Axial filaments
The presence of type IV pili cause a type of twitching movement in bacteria of which of the following genera?
Pseudomonas
The BLANK is a polysaccharide protective coating outside of the bacterial cell wall that is called either a capsule or slime layer based on its structure.
glycocalyx
Bacteria are able to attach to surfaces and other bacteria using the surface appendages known as BLANK and BLANK
-fimbriae
-pili
Pili are typically used for which of the following?
Conjugation
The transfer of DNA between bacterial cells is called BLANK.
Conjugation
Which structure is most closely associated with biofilm formation?
Slime layer
Neisseria gonorrhoeae binds to the epithelial cells of the reproductive tract by means of which of the following?
Type IV pili
Which are the two main functions of the glycocalyx?
-Protection
-Adherence
Identify the two main components of the cell envelope in most bacteria.
-Cell membrane
-Cell wall
The BLANK is an extracellular material that is closely associated with biofilm formation.
glycocalyx
What is the glycocalyx?
An extracellular coating that provides protection to the cell
The cell envelope of gram- BLANK bacteria is composed of an outer membrane, cell wall, and a cell membrane.
Negative
Peptidoglycan in the cell BLANK provides the structural support necessary to protect bacteria from lysis due to internal pressure.
Wall
The cell envelope encloses the BLANK
cytoplasm
The cell wall in bacteria is primarily composed of BLANK
peptidoglycan
Which of the following occurs when a cell breaks or ruptures?
lysis
What structural difference is found in gram-positive cells but not in gram-negative cells?
Single cell membrane
Which of the following prevents the rupture of bacterial cells by internal osmotic pressure?
Cell wall
The Gram- BLANK cell wall contains peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid.
positive
Identify the area between the cell wall and cell membrane in gram-positive bacteria.
Periplasmic space
Peptidoglycan is a component of the cell wall of which of the following organisms?
Bacteria
Endotoxin is toxic to which of the following cells?
Human and other mammalian cells
Which of the following antibiotics affect the integrity of the cell wall of bacteria, thereby making them susceptible to lysis?
-Penicillin
-Cephalosporin
Endotoxins (LPS) can stimulate fever and shock during which gram-negative infections?
-Typhoid fever
-Meningitis
The bulk of the Gram-positive cell wall is a homogeneous sheath of which of the following?
Peptidoglycan
The BLANK bacteria naturally have no cell wall, but have a cytoplasmic membrane that is stabilized by sterols.
mycoplasma
The BLANK space is located between the cell wall and cell membrane in gram-positive bacteria and is a site for the temporary storage of enzymes.
Periplasmic
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is classified as is a(n) BLANK
endotoxin
BLANK diphtheriae and BLANK pyogenes are gram-positive bacteria that have toxic properties due to proteins on their cell walls.
-Corynebacterium
-Streptococcus
The cell membrane consists of a(n) BLANK bilayer with embedded BLANK
-phospholipid
-proteins
The cell membrane surrounds a complex solution of organic materials and salts that is referred to as BLANK
cytoplasm
Identify the term for multiple shapes and sizes among cells of the same species.
Pleomorphism
Which is the active, growing state of endospore-forming bacteria?
Vegetative
Identify the area between the cell wall and cell membrane in gram-positive bacteria.
Periplasmic space
The depletion of nutrients, especially amino acids, is a stimulus for BLANK in bacteria.
sporulation
Endotoxin is toxic to which of the following cells?
Human and other mammalian cells
Identify the major structure component of the cell membrane.
Phospholipids
Which is the major component of cytoplasm?
water
BLANK BLANK in endospores removes water and leaves the endospore very dehydrated.
-Calcium
-dipicolinate
Which of the following is formed during bacterial sporulation?
Endospore
When a rod-shaped bacterium is short and plump it is called a(n) BLANK and if it is gently curved it is called a(n) BLANK
-coccobacillus
-vibrio
Once a vegetative bacterial cell is committed to sporulation the cell is called a(n) BLANK
sporangium
Which of the following are methods used to identify bacteria?
-Serological analysis
-Bacterial biochemistry
-Cell morphology
-Genetic techniques
The heat resistance of bacterial endospores has been linked to high concentrations of which of the following?
Calcium dipicolinate
What is a spherically-shaped bacterial cell termed?
Coccus
Which of the following is the major factor that stimulates endospore formation?
Depletion of nutrients
Which term describes bacteria that do not use oxygen in their metabolism?
Anaerobic
If microbiologists only used the Gram stain and shape to identify bacteria, we could not assign bacteria to a more specific level than which of the following?
Class
Bacteria that use the energy of sunlight to synthesize all of their required nutrients are called which of the following?
Photosynthetic
Identify the major structure component of the cell membrane.
Phospholipids
Where do obligate intracellular parasites live?
Inside a host cell
Identify the structure that is absent in bacteria and archaea.
Nucleus
What are the three most common shapes of bacterial cells?
-Coccus
-Bacillus
-Spirillum
Aerobic bacteria are termed aerobic because they use BLANK in their metabolism.
oxygen
Most bacteria are which of the following?
Heterotrophic
A(n) BLANK BLANK parasite requires a host cell in order to survive.
-obligate
-intracellular
The ribosomal subunit structures in archaea are similar to which of the following?
Eukaryotic cells
Identify the structure that is absent in bacteria and archaea.
Nucleus