Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
School newspapers do not qualify as public forums, so censorship by the school administration does not violate students' rights to free speech.
Tinker Decision
1969 Supreme Court decision that gave students the freedom of speech unless it was libelous, obscene, an invasion of privacy, or "materially and substantially" disruptive of school.
Yellow Journalism
Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
Ex. magazines that exploit celebs
sedition
rebellion or resistance against the government
fair comment
a libel defense that protects a journalist's expressed opinion of public figures or reviews of books, records, and the like
news judgement
the ability to determine which stories are most interesting and important to readers
Libel
a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.
Objectivity
treating facts without influence from personal feelings or prejudices. not being bias.
Accuracy
making sure the story contains accurate and true information
Reliability
consistently having accurate information
Slander
False charges and malicious oral statements about someone
attribution
always identify where the information came from.
forum theory
the idea that once a forum is created, the ideas expressed there cannot later be controlled
wire service
developed with the telegraph. The beginning of the associated press.
Publick Occurrences
America's first newspaper
The Boston News Letter
2nd paper. published by authority (supervised by gov.)
Hamilton and Zenger court case
Zenger criticized gov. won over the jury because he convinced them they people need more freedom from the gov.
Effect of the Telegraph - inverted pyramid writing
Started with the civil war because they needed short messages. Inverted pyramid writing- lead and most important stuff first in case the rest got cut off, the message would still be there.