Edo (Tokyo)
modern day Tokyo, shogunal seat
Kyoto
Formerly called Heian, where emperor resided
Nagasaki
Most important port, Dutch trading point, had a large Chinese population
Kyushu
southern island
Hiroshima
Mon amour
Shikoku
smaller island between Nagasaki and Kyoto
Honshu
biggest island
Hokkaido
northern island
Nara
Ancient seat of Buddhism, once capital
Osaka
Centre of trade
Family of hereditary shoguns deposed 1573. started in Muromachi period.
Ashikaga
founder of Tokugawa line
Ieyasu
Things Chinese
Karamono
'taste' in decoration, display and interior design. informal displays of generally imported art
Kazari
literally translates as 'Southern Barbarian'art, also refers to Portuguese and Spanish Traders
Namban Art
Hereditary warrior-bureaucrat, 8% of population
Samurai
Head of federalised state government, in English - Emperor
Shogun
River of Virtue - also name of post 1603 family
Tokugawa
woodblock prints, often depicting scenes from the 'The floating world' - pleasure quarters
Ukiyo-e
The licensed pleasure quarter in Edo
Yoshiwara
794 - 1185
Capital moved to Kyoto and court culture elevated to new level.
The narrative hand scroll form of painting is developed.
Esoteric and Pure Land sects of Buddhism gain popularity
Heian period
1333 - 1568
Capital back in Kyoto, Zen ink painting dominates art forms including ink landscape.
Ashikaga Shoguns rule until country is beset by civil wars between feudal clans
Muromachi period
1568 - 1610/15
Warlords finally reunite Japan.
First Westerners arrive.
Splendid castles are built decorated with boldly painted golden screens.
Momoyama period
1610/15 - 1868
Japan at peace under rule of Tokugawa Shoguns who move capital to Edo.
Outside world is excluded.
Mercantile society develops within Japan.
Arts flourish, including woodblock prints, inspired by Heian period
Edo period
1868 - 1912
Japan opens to the West again and becomes an industrial nation. Western style and traditional arts coexist
Meiji period
pine
Symbol of January
plum
Symbol of February
cherry
symbol of march
wisteria
symbol of April
iris
symbol of may
Peony
Symbol of June
Mountain clover
Symbol of July
Hill crest
Symbol of August
Chrysanthemum
Symbol of semptember
Maple
Symbol of October
Willow
Symbol of November
Paulownia
Symbol of December
Bamboo, pine, and plum
symbol of winter - three friends of winter
Carp (swims upstream)
symbol go virility, strength, and courage
Crane
symbol of longevity, purity, 1,000 years
Tiger
Symbol of bravery and power, comes from China
tortoise
Symbol of longevity
bamboo
symbol of fertility, endurance, brides, honour
cherry blossom
symbol of fleetingness, transience of life, warrior spirit (beautiful death), national flower
chrysanthemum
Symbol of autumn, nobility, longevity
clouds
symbol of heaven and spirits of dead
mountains
symbol of the unyielding, steadfast
water
symbol of transience/ebb and flow of life, also tactical ability
verse with 31 syllables
waka
painted sliding screen doors
Fusuma-e
painted folding screens
By�bu-e
Chinese mythical beast
Kirin
1368 - 1644
Chinese Ming period (dates?)
present day Okinawa
Ryuku Islands
Guest hall in samurai's residence
Kaisho
Japanese painting style usually depicting scenes with poetic associations or bird and flower scenes
Yamato-e
Glazed tea bowl
Tennoku
'Golden Pavilion' built in 1397 by 3rd Muromachi Shogun (Ashikaga Yoshimitsu)
Kinkakuji
'Silver Pavilion' built by 8th Muromachi shogun (Ashikaga Yoshimasa)
Ginkakuji
Influential Zen monk and tea master also known as Shuko
Juko
Initially strong, but by the middle of the 9th century onwards, relationship deteriorated that it was almost non-existent by the end of the century, and Japanese culture was far more self-directed.
links with China during the Heian period?
two sects, Tendai and Shingon which believed that all individuals possess buddha nature and can achieve enlightenment through meditation and careful living. Began in Heian period.
What was esoteric buddhism?
a diagram of the cosmic universe. a scroll depicting the womb world and the diamond world were displayed opposite each other at an altar.
What is a mandala/mandara
Taizokai Mandara, Heian period, 850-900.
Hanging scroll representing the "womb world'.
At the centre is the supreme buddha
Phoenix Hall, Uji, Heian period.
Modelled on Chinese palaces, temple built in an effort to attain paradise. Wings over pond - birdlike.
Genji visits murasaki, tale of Genji, Heian period.
diagonals give 3d but flat colour is 2d.
lack of individualisation of faces due to societal restrictions. Colourful complex patterns indicate luxury
The flying storehouse, legends of mount shigi, Heian period.
rice lifted from greedy farmer to mount shigi by faith of monk. movement and continuous narrative.
Rapid brushstrokes and multiple facial expressions.
hierarchical, led by master, and rank of apprentice determined the type of work they did. Usually all related, a family business.
Artist's workshop in Heian period?
Sesshu Toyo, travelled to China
Name a famous zen ink painter of the Muramachi period, what did he do?
Between 1467-69
when did Sesshu Toyo go to China?
haboku - splashed ink. From China.
The painter pauses to contemplate the image, loads his brush with ink, and then paints in quick successive brushstrokes, even dripping.
result hovers at edge of legibility, nut not abstraction.
what technique of ink painting was popular and where did it come from?
Splashed ink landscape, Sesshu Toyo, Muramachi period, 1495.
Zen patriarch Xiangyen Zhixian sweeping with a broom, Kano Motonobu, 1513.
military class (warlords)
merchants
Who was at the top of social structure and who was at bottom?
c.1540
When was the Japanese renaissance
staggered shelves and hanging scrolls, particular placement of objects
Name an aspect of Kazari design?
gradual minimalism
What happened to aesthetics over the course of the muromachi period?
Ink on paper. "Circle, Triangle and Square",
by Zen monk, Sengai Gibon, (1750 - 1837).
Arrangements for a reception room display 'Zashiki Kazari Emaiki' Muromachi Period. 1552.
What ink handscroll details the layout for a reception room?
Shiro shoin of Nishi Hongan-ji est. 1602, Kyoto. Staggered shelves for holding tea objects
name of physical example of a kazari layout, and with what feature?
Kyoto Nijo Castle. The Honmaru Palace . Room of the Four Seasons. Bamboo
Which royal building features landscapes depicting the four seasons, which organic material used to show winter?
right to left. This is noteworthy for reading four seasons, two seasons often in one panel
In which direction are Japanese scenes read?
Flaring Bronze Flower vase. China. Yuan period (1279-1368)
Name object from China used in reception rooms during Muromachi period.
three tiered octogonal box food container with camellia and birds. Momoyama period to early Edo period. 17th century. Red and gold lacquer with litharge painting.
some Japanese objects were richly decorated with patterns that would reveal themselves as people ate the food hiding them, name one from the Edo period
bronze ewer, 13th - 14th century. note how minimal decorating is
Bronze crane and tortoise candle stand. Symbolise longevity
name on object from Muromachi period for holding candles - symbol
Illustrated Tale of the Monkeys, "Saru no soshi) Muromachi period c. 1560 -70.
Name a scroll from the Muromachi period which details a tea ceremony with humour
Kinkakuji -
'The Golden Pavillion', Kyoto.
c. 1397
enlightenment/spiritual awakening
Satori
Zen Painting literally translates as "water ink painting".
Suibokuga
the indigenous mode of landscape painting in Japan
Yamato-e
black ink drawing, using a solid form of charcoal or soot based Chinese ink
Sumi -e
618-907
Chinese Tang Period
Sung 960-1279
Chinese Song Period
1279- 1368
Chinese Yuan Period
Kao Ninga and Mokua Reien
First monks to use ink painting method
Two Taoist eccentrics and enlightened beings
Kanzen & Jittoku
personification of infinite compassion.
Kannon
the founder of Zen Buddhism
Daruma
Chinese monk active in second half of 13th century in South China,
practiced broken ink style"which inturn influenced Japanese monks who travelled to China.
Mu, Qi
Enlightenment / spiritual awakening.
Satori
Painter priest active in early 15th century.
Josetsu
founder of Confucianism
Confucius
founder of Buddhism
Sakayamuni
founder of Taoism
Lao Tzu
a single hanging scroll
Kakemono
the thought problem" used as an aid to attain enlightenment.
Koan
Painter priest, originator of Karyo i.e. Japanese Chinese style of painting.
Tensho Shubun
depicting a study hidden in a landscape. Introduced in Muromachi period through influence of China
Shosaizu
Mu-chi: Six Persimmons (Chinese) 13th century. Ink on paper (Kyoto).
Placement on paper is noteworthy - a faint background, sets a kind of depth
Bamboo and Sparrow by Kao. Hanging scroll ink on paper. Kamakura period, 14th century (close up)
Crane, Kannon of Mercy & Monkey Hanging scroll, by Mu-Qi (Chinese) ink on silk (triptych) active 1279.
Crane representing longevity, emerges from bamboo in clarity of enlightenment, no need to show all bamboo, just essence.
monkey on other side with dead
Triptych depicting natural world
notable for contrast between light and dark brushstrokes, can see bodily form under clothing. Asymmetry too.
depiction of Kanzen as Hermit by Kao Ninga
The Four Sleepers by Mokuan, Reien, 14th century.
Hanging scroll, ink on paper
Monk catching a cat fish with a gourd by Josetsu. C. 1413. Ink and colours on paper
Highly praised, one of earliest examples of landscape.
Eye is taken through multiple picture planes - NB
Porcine face, animated clothing, standing stiffly in flat barren l
Monk catching a cat fish with a gourd
by Josetsu. C. 1413. Ink and colours on paper.
Reading in the Bamboo Grove Retreat attributed to Shubun c. 1445, Ink on paper.
Rocks, trees, huts = Chinese. But space which surrounds them = japanese.
'Otherworldliness' comes to fore, giving it a new spin, all japanese.
Title refers to monks who spent
Winter landscape. One of four hanging scrolls of the four seasons by Sesshu Toyo c.1470's
Series of strong alternating diagonals. Lower rocks, brings eye to figure, and around and back into temple, then through to jagged rocks and trees. Gives sense of mo
Soft tonal effects, few precise brushstrokes.
Love of opposites, and shows technical range.
Broken ink style, had been practiced by Mu Chi.
Wet, contrast between vertical and horizontal, darker imprecise brushstrokes compared to calligraphy.
Highly contro
Image of Summer, Sesshu, a comparison to winter
Amanohashidate - a landscape scroll by Sesshu Toyo depicting Sea of Japan coast. C. 1501 Ink and colours on paper. National museum, Kyoto.
no, sometimes a faint wash. To allow for greater variation of tone
is colour used in zen ink painting? why so monochrome
beginning of Muromachi period - lots of ornate mandalas, detail, every space filled.
Beginning of Momoyama period - Chinese influence distilled in minimalism, very precise, use of the void.
Outline the difference between the beginning of Muromachi period and beginning of Momoyama period?
1. Use of black ink in simple and economic means
2. Subtlety/inclination, not detail
3. Empty background, symbolic of the profound
4. Asymmetry and cropped, not concerned with perfection
5. contrived spontaneity, artist focused, seems haphazard
Name the 5 characteristics of Zen ink painting
Naturalistic, not ideal, lived in tumultuous time of civil war
was Sesshu's work naturalistic or idealistic?
Edo (Tokyo)
modern day Tokyo, shogunal seat
Kyoto
Formerly called Heian, where emperor resided
Nagasaki
Most important port, Dutch trading point, had a large Chinese population
Kyushu
southern island
Hiroshima
Mon amour
Shikoku
smaller island between Nagasaki and Kyoto
Honshu
biggest island
Hokkaido
northern island
Nara
Ancient seat of Buddhism, once capital
Osaka
Centre of trade
Family of hereditary shoguns deposed 1573. started in Muromachi period.
Ashikaga
founder of Tokugawa line
Ieyasu
Things Chinese
Karamono
'taste' in decoration, display and interior design. informal displays of generally imported art
Kazari
literally translates as 'Southern Barbarian'art, also refers to Portuguese and Spanish Traders
Namban Art
Hereditary warrior-bureaucrat, 8% of population
Samurai
Head of federalised state government, in English - Emperor
Shogun
River of Virtue - also name of post 1603 family
Tokugawa
woodblock prints, often depicting scenes from the 'The floating world' - pleasure quarters
Ukiyo-e
The licensed pleasure quarter in Edo
Yoshiwara
794 - 1185
Capital moved to Kyoto and court culture elevated to new level.
The narrative hand scroll form of painting is developed.
Esoteric and Pure Land sects of Buddhism gain popularity
Heian period
1333 - 1568
Capital back in Kyoto, Zen ink painting dominates art forms including ink landscape.
Ashikaga Shoguns rule until country is beset by civil wars between feudal clans
Muromachi period
1568 - 1610/15
Warlords finally reunite Japan.
First Westerners arrive.
Splendid castles are built decorated with boldly painted golden screens.
Momoyama period
1610/15 - 1868
Japan at peace under rule of Tokugawa Shoguns who move capital to Edo.
Outside world is excluded.
Mercantile society develops within Japan.
Arts flourish, including woodblock prints, inspired by Heian period
Edo period
1868 - 1912
Japan opens to the West again and becomes an industrial nation. Western style and traditional arts coexist
Meiji period
pine
Symbol of January
plum
Symbol of February
cherry
symbol of march
wisteria
symbol of April
iris
symbol of may
Peony
Symbol of June
Mountain clover
Symbol of July
Hill crest
Symbol of August
Chrysanthemum
Symbol of semptember
Maple
Symbol of October
Willow
Symbol of November
Paulownia
Symbol of December
Bamboo, pine, and plum
symbol of winter - three friends of winter
Carp (swims upstream)
symbol go virility, strength, and courage
Crane
symbol of longevity, purity, 1,000 years
Tiger
Symbol of bravery and power, comes from China
tortoise
Symbol of longevity
bamboo
symbol of fertility, endurance, brides, honour
cherry blossom
symbol of fleetingness, transience of life, warrior spirit (beautiful death), national flower
chrysanthemum
Symbol of autumn, nobility, longevity
clouds
symbol of heaven and spirits of dead
mountains
symbol of the unyielding, steadfast
water
symbol of transience/ebb and flow of life, also tactical ability
verse with 31 syllables
waka
painted sliding screen doors
Fusuma-e
painted folding screens
By�bu-e
Chinese mythical beast
Kirin
1368 - 1644
Chinese Ming period (dates?)
present day Okinawa
Ryuku Islands
Guest hall in samurai's residence
Kaisho
Japanese painting style usually depicting scenes with poetic associations or bird and flower scenes
Yamato-e
Glazed tea bowl
Tennoku
'Golden Pavilion' built in 1397 by 3rd Muromachi Shogun (Ashikaga Yoshimitsu)
Kinkakuji
'Silver Pavilion' built by 8th Muromachi shogun (Ashikaga Yoshimasa)
Ginkakuji
Influential Zen monk and tea master also known as Shuko
Juko
Initially strong, but by the middle of the 9th century onwards, relationship deteriorated that it was almost non-existent by the end of the century, and Japanese culture was far more self-directed.
links with China during the Heian period?
two sects, Tendai and Shingon which believed that all individuals possess buddha nature and can achieve enlightenment through meditation and careful living. Began in Heian period.
What was esoteric buddhism?
a diagram of the cosmic universe. a scroll depicting the womb world and the diamond world were displayed opposite each other at an altar.
What is a mandala/mandara
Taizokai Mandara, Heian period, 850-900.
Hanging scroll representing the "womb world'.
At the centre is the supreme buddha
Phoenix Hall, Uji, Heian period.
Modelled on Chinese palaces, temple built in an effort to attain paradise. Wings over pond - birdlike.
Genji visits murasaki, tale of Genji, Heian period.
diagonals give 3d but flat colour is 2d.
lack of individualisation of faces due to societal restrictions. Colourful complex patterns indicate luxury
The flying storehouse, legends of mount shigi, Heian period.
rice lifted from greedy farmer to mount shigi by faith of monk. movement and continuous narrative.
Rapid brushstrokes and multiple facial expressions.
hierarchical, led by master, and rank of apprentice determined the type of work they did. Usually all related, a family business.
Artist's workshop in Heian period?
Sesshu Toyo, travelled to China
Name a famous zen ink painter of the Muramachi period, what did he do?
Between 1467-69
when did Sesshu Toyo go to China?
haboku - splashed ink. From China.
The painter pauses to contemplate the image, loads his brush with ink, and then paints in quick successive brushstrokes, even dripping.
result hovers at edge of legibility, nut not abstraction.
what technique of ink painting was popular and where did it come from?
Splashed ink landscape, Sesshu Toyo, Muramachi period, 1495.
Zen patriarch Xiangyen Zhixian sweeping with a broom, Kano Motonobu, 1513.
military class (warlords)
merchants
Who was at the top of social structure and who was at bottom?
c.1540
When was the Japanese renaissance
staggered shelves and hanging scrolls, particular placement of objects
Name an aspect of Kazari design?
gradual minimalism
What happened to aesthetics over the course of the muromachi period?
Ink on paper. "Circle, Triangle and Square",
by Zen monk, Sengai Gibon, (1750 - 1837).
Arrangements for a reception room display 'Zashiki Kazari Emaiki' Muromachi Period. 1552.
What ink handscroll details the layout for a reception room?
Shiro shoin of Nishi Hongan-ji est. 1602, Kyoto. Staggered shelves for holding tea objects
name of physical example of a kazari layout, and with what feature?
Kyoto Nijo Castle. The Honmaru Palace . Room of the Four Seasons. Bamboo
Which royal building features landscapes depicting the four seasons, which organic material used to show winter?
right to left. This is noteworthy for reading four seasons, two seasons often in one panel
In which direction are Japanese scenes read?
Flaring Bronze Flower vase. China. Yuan period (1279-1368)
Name object from China used in reception rooms during Muromachi period.
three tiered octogonal box food container with camellia and birds. Momoyama period to early Edo period. 17th century. Red and gold lacquer with litharge painting.
some Japanese objects were richly decorated with patterns that would reveal themselves as people ate the food hiding them, name one from the Edo period
bronze ewer, 13th - 14th century. note how minimal decorating is
Bronze crane and tortoise candle stand. Symbolise longevity
name on object from Muromachi period for holding candles - symbol
Illustrated Tale of the Monkeys, "Saru no soshi) Muromachi period c. 1560 -70.
Name a scroll from the Muromachi period which details a tea ceremony with humour
Kinkakuji -
'The Golden Pavillion', Kyoto.
c. 1397
enlightenment/spiritual awakening
Satori
Zen Painting literally translates as "water ink painting".
Suibokuga
the indigenous mode of landscape painting in Japan
Yamato-e
black ink drawing, using a solid form of charcoal or soot based Chinese ink
Sumi -e
618-907
Chinese Tang Period
Sung 960-1279
Chinese Song Period
1279- 1368
Chinese Yuan Period
Kao Ninga and Mokua Reien
First monks to use ink painting method
Two Taoist eccentrics and enlightened beings
Kanzen & Jittoku
personification of infinite compassion.
Kannon
the founder of Zen Buddhism
Daruma
Chinese monk active in second half of 13th century in South China,
practiced broken ink style"which inturn influenced Japanese monks who travelled to China.
Mu, Qi
Enlightenment / spiritual awakening.
Satori
Painter priest active in early 15th century.
Josetsu
founder of Confucianism
Confucius
founder of Buddhism
Sakayamuni
founder of Taoism
Lao Tzu
a single hanging scroll
Kakemono
the thought problem" used as an aid to attain enlightenment.
Koan
Painter priest, originator of Karyo i.e. Japanese Chinese style of painting.
Tensho Shubun
depicting a study hidden in a landscape. Introduced in Muromachi period through influence of China
Shosaizu
Mu-chi: Six Persimmons (Chinese) 13th century. Ink on paper (Kyoto).
Placement on paper is noteworthy - a faint background, sets a kind of depth
Bamboo and Sparrow by Kao. Hanging scroll ink on paper. Kamakura period, 14th century (close up)
Crane, Kannon of Mercy & Monkey Hanging scroll, by Mu-Qi (Chinese) ink on silk (triptych) active 1279.
Crane representing longevity, emerges from bamboo in clarity of enlightenment, no need to show all bamboo, just essence.
monkey on other side with dead
Triptych depicting natural world
notable for contrast between light and dark brushstrokes, can see bodily form under clothing. Asymmetry too.
depiction of Kanzen as Hermit by Kao Ninga
The Four Sleepers by Mokuan, Reien, 14th century.
Hanging scroll, ink on paper
Monk catching a cat fish with a gourd by Josetsu. C. 1413. Ink and colours on paper
Highly praised, one of earliest examples of landscape.
Eye is taken through multiple picture planes - NB
Porcine face, animated clothing, standing stiffly in flat barren l
Monk catching a cat fish with a gourd
by Josetsu. C. 1413. Ink and colours on paper.
Reading in the Bamboo Grove Retreat attributed to Shubun c. 1445, Ink on paper.
Rocks, trees, huts = Chinese. But space which surrounds them = japanese.
'Otherworldliness' comes to fore, giving it a new spin, all japanese.
Title refers to monks who spent
Winter landscape. One of four hanging scrolls of the four seasons by Sesshu Toyo c.1470's
Series of strong alternating diagonals. Lower rocks, brings eye to figure, and around and back into temple, then through to jagged rocks and trees. Gives sense of mo
Soft tonal effects, few precise brushstrokes.
Love of opposites, and shows technical range.
Broken ink style, had been practiced by Mu Chi.
Wet, contrast between vertical and horizontal, darker imprecise brushstrokes compared to calligraphy.
Highly contro
Image of Summer, Sesshu, a comparison to winter
Amanohashidate - a landscape scroll by Sesshu Toyo depicting Sea of Japan coast. C. 1501 Ink and colours on paper. National museum, Kyoto.
no, sometimes a faint wash. To allow for greater variation of tone
is colour used in zen ink painting? why so monochrome
beginning of Muromachi period - lots of ornate mandalas, detail, every space filled.
Beginning of Momoyama period - Chinese influence distilled in minimalism, very precise, use of the void.
Outline the difference between the beginning of Muromachi period and beginning of Momoyama period?
1. Use of black ink in simple and economic means
2. Subtlety/inclination, not detail
3. Empty background, symbolic of the profound
4. Asymmetry and cropped, not concerned with perfection
5. contrived spontaneity, artist focused, seems haphazard
Name the 5 characteristics of Zen ink painting
Naturalistic, not ideal, lived in tumultuous time of civil war
was Sesshu's work naturalistic or idealistic?