HL Biology - JIS Semester 1

Glucose

Glycolysis

Respiration

Pyruvate

Cell wall

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Pili

Flagella

Ribosomes

Nucleoid

A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.

Prokaryote

Cell

Golgi Apparatus

Free Ribosomes

Lysosomes

Nucleus

Centrioles

Mitochondria

Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell Wall

Flagella

Galactose

Amino acid

Fatty Acid

Ribose

Endosymbiotic theory

Genetic code

Louis Pasteur

Spontaneous generation

Sterilization

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Two

Unsaturated fatty acids

Two

Amino acid

Two amino acids

Compartmentalization

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Light microscope

Electron microscope

Organelles

A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.

Binary fission

Pili

Flagella

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

Nucleus

Plasma membrane

Cell wall

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Phospholipid

Phospholipid bilayer

Cholesterol

Amphipathic

Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

Glycoprotein

Passive Transport

Active Transport

Diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Vesicles

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Sodium-potassium pump

Osmolarity

Hypotonic

Hypertonic

Endosymbiotic theory

Louis Pasteur

Cell Cycle

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Mitotic index

Mutagens

A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.

Oncogenes

Metastasis

Cyclins

Vitalism

Metabolism

Anabolism

Catabolism

Macromolecule

Monomer

Hydrolysis reaction

Urea

Monosaccharide

A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.

R-group

Amino acid

Lipids

Polypeptides

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Galactose

Fatty acids

Ribose

Polarity

Negative pole

Positive pole

Hydrogen bond

What are enzymes?

Phosphate group

A

T

C

G

Hydrogen Bond

Double Helix

Complementary base pairing

Covalent Bonds

Polymer

Differences between DNA and RNA

Watson and Crick

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

What does DNA polymerase do?

Three

What is translation?

Glucose

Respiration

Glycolysis

Pyruvate

Absorption Spectrum

Chlorophyll

Chloroplast

Light

Photolysis

Photosynthesis

Stroma

Thylakoid

Grana

Aerobic respiration

ATP

ATP synthase

Chemiosmosis

Cristae

Electron transport chain

Endergonic

Exergonic

Glycolysis

Lysis

Mitochondrial matrix

Oxidation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Phosphorylation

Pyruvate

Reduction

Aerobic respiration

ATP

Glycolysis

Lysis

Oxidation

Phosphorylation

Pyruvate

Reduction

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion

cellular respiration

ethanol

lactate

potassium hydroxide

yeast

oxygen debt

anaerobic respiration

cristae

electron transport system

glycolysis

Kreb's cycle

matrix

mitochondria

nucleotide

DNA

chromosome

gene

chromatin

amino acid

protein

DNA replication

transcription

translation

ribosome

mutation

allele

mitosis

differentiation

gamete

semiconservative replication

RNA

mRNA (messenger RNA)

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

codon

Phosphate group

A

T

C

G

Double Helix

Complementary base pairing

Covalent bonds

Monosaccharide

A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.

RNA

single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

DNA polymerase

phosphodiester bond

Gene

Starch

A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.

Glycogen

An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.

Glycolysis

Krebs cycle

second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

glycosidic bond

Triglycerides

nitrogenous base

Enzyme

enzyme-substrate complex

A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).

Denaturation

Lactase

catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Catalase

active site

The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs.

allosteric site

Inhibitor

non-competitive inhibitor

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.

competitive inhibition

substance that resembles the normal substrate competes with the substrate for the active site

fatty acids

Cellulose

plateau

activation energy

Deoxyribose

Ribose

Lipid

Amylopectin

Amylose

Adenine

Uracil

Guanine

Cytosine

U

C

Uracil

Cytosine

Adenine

Guanine