In which section of the search results can you find nucleotide-by-nucleotide comparisons between your query sequence and similar database sequences?
Graphic Summary
Descriptions
Alignments
Alignments
How do the E values change as you go from the top of the list of hits to the bottom?
The E values get larger.
The E values get smaller.
The E values remain the same.
The E values get larger.
Which statement best describes the results shown in the Descriptions section?
Only one hit derived from Fusarium oxysporum is the best match to the query sequence.
Several hits derived from Fusarium oxysporum are best matches to the query sequence.
Only o
Several hits derived from Fusarium oxysporum are best matches to the query sequence.
Which kingdom does Hypocreales belong to?
Fungi
Eukaryota
Dikarya
Animalia
Fungi
Other than the genus and species information, what characteristics do most of the top hit sequences share? Select the two best answers.
They contain a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence.
They contain a sequence of an internal transcribed spacer.
They contain a
They contain a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence.
They contain a sequence of an internal transcribed spacer.
In how many positions are there nucleotide differences between your query sequence and the sequence of accession AY259214.1?
3
4
9
10
12
10
How does the alignment of the FN397219.1 sequence to your query sequence compare to the alignment of the AY259214.1 sequence you examined in Part F?
The two alignments are identical.
In the FN397219.1 alignment, there are the same number of nucleotide dif
In the FN397219.1 alignment, there are the same number of nucleotide differences but more gaps.
Did you find any sequences in the human genome that were statistically similar to your query sequence?
Similar sequences were found only with the blastn (lower similarity) search.
Similar sequences were found with both the megablast (high similarity) and
Similar sequences were found only with the blastn (lower similarity) search.
On which chromosome is the BCR gene normally located?
1
9
20
22
22
Examine the descriptions for the group of hits that align with the N-terminal end of the query sequence. Which of the following terms are found among these descriptions? Select all that apply.
BCR variant
breakpoint cluster region
unnamed protein product
BCR variant
breakpoint cluster region
unnamed protein product
Identify the three main categories of hits in terms of similarity to the query sequence. (For help approaching this question, see Hint 1.)
sequences that are similar to the last 170 amino acids of the query sequence
sequences that are similar to the first
sequences that are similar to the last 170 amino acids of the query sequence
sequences that are similar to the entire length of the query sequence
sequences that are similar to the first 75 amino acids of the query sequence
Based on the information given in the three different sections, which of the following statement(s) correctly describe(s) the hit that is most similar to the query sequence? Select all that apply.
It is identical to the query sequence in length and amino
It is identical to the query sequence in length and amino acid sequence.
It is a chimeric protein.
Its accession number is CAM33009.1.
DNA fragment A consists of _____ base pairs.
564
1,268
1,405
2,027
2,322
1,268
Which of these genes are located on the q arm of chromosome 17?
gastrin and GH1
MPO and GLUT4
BLMH and RP13
RP13 and GLUT4
TP53 and KRTHA1
gastrin and GH1
The RP13 gene of chromosome 17 codes for a protein _____.
involved in glucose transport
that is a component of hair and nails
in the regulation of blood pressure
involved in eye development
involved in the determination of personality
involved in eye development
The gene that codes for gastrin is located on the _____ of chromosome 17.
q2
q arm
p2
p arm
centromere
q arm
How has gene duplication played a critical role in evolution?
It increases the amount of DNA in the genome.
It almost always introduces immediate benefits for the organism.
It increases the likelihood of viral infection in cells.
It increases the number o
It produces redundant copies of existing genes, which are then free to mutate and adopt new functions.
What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP)?
to compare the genomes of a large number of individuals from different parts of the world
to develop new technologies for studying DNA
to map and sequence the genomes of important research organism
to map all the human genes and determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome
What is proteomics?
the linkage of each gene to a particular protein
the totality of the functional possibilities of a single protein
the study of the full protein set encoded by a genome
the study of how amino acids are ordered in a protein
the study of
the study of the full protein set encoded by a genome
BLAST is a computational tool used by genome biologists to _____.
identify sites in the DNA where restriction endonucleases cut
assemble short overlapping DNA sequences into long contiguous DNA sequences called contigs
disassemble a genomic DNA sequence i
compare a given DNA or protein sequence to all other DNA or protein sequences in a database
Which of the following statements about genome sizes is true?
Most eukaryotes have larger genomes than most prokaryotes.
Large animals have larger genomes than plants.
Species within a phylogenetic group such as flowering plants or insects have similar ge
Most eukaryotes have larger genomes than most prokaryotes.
The number of genes correlates with _____.
and is approximately equal to the number of different proteins that a species can make
being higher in Archaea than in eukaryotes
the size of the genome in eukaryotes
being much higher among Eubacteria than in Ar
the size of the genome in prokaryotes
What type of noncoding DNA comprises the largest portion of multicellular eukaryotic genomes?
pseudogenes
gene regulatory sequences
introns
centromeric sequences
transposons
transposons
How do retrotransposons differ from other transposons?
Retrotransposons have lost the ability to move about a genome.
Retrotransposons move via an RNA transcript, whereas other transposons do not.
Retrotransposons are likely to be the remains of a viral i
Retrotransposons move via an RNA transcript, whereas other transposons do not.
A multigene family is composed of
multiple genes whose products must be coordinately expressed.
the many tandem repeats such as those found in centromeres and telomeres.
a highly conserved gene found in a number of different species.
genes whose sequences
genes whose sequences are very similar and that probably arose by duplication.
What is bioinformatics?
a technique using 3-D images of genes to predict how and when they will be expressed
the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data
software programs available from NIH to design and synthes
the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data
In order to determine the probable function of a particular sequence of DNA in humans, what might be the most reasonable approach?
Prepare a genetically engineered bacterial culture with the sequence inserted and assess which new protein is synthesized.
G
Look for a reasonably identical sequence in another species, prepare a knockout of this sequence in that species, and look for the consequences.
Homeotic genes contain a homeobox sequence that is highly conserved among very diverse species. The homeobox is the code for that domain of a protein that binds to DNA in a regulatory developmental process. Which of the following would you then expect?
th
that homeotic genes are selectively expressed over developmental time
Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity?
exon shuffling
RNA splicing
random point mutations
gene duplication
histone modific
exon shuffling
Identify the correct statement(s) about transposable elements.
Select all that apply.
Transposable elements and related sequences make up 44% of the human genome.
Transposable elements are called "jumping genes" because they detach from their location in
Transposable elements and related sequences make up 44% of the human genome.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. In contrast, chimpanzees have 24 pairs of chromosomes and lack any pair resembling the long human chromosome 2 pair; instead, chimpanzees have two pairs of medium-sized chromosomes. What is the most likely explanation
The common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees had 24 pairs of chromosomes, and at some point in the human lineage, two chromosomes fused end to end, providing some selective advantage.
What is the goal of comparative genomic studies?
to study genetic variation within a species or a population
to study how genomes evolve
to identify genes that are important for evolution of a particular species
to identify homologues in model organisms f
All of the above are goals of comparative genomic studies.
What are Hox genes?
Hox genes encode transcription factors with a DNA-binding domain called a homeo box, and regulate development of the vertebrate body plan.
Hox genes are transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences called homeodomains.
Hox
Hox genes encode transcription factors with a DNA-binding domain called a homeo box, and regulate development of the vertebrate body plan.
Which of the findings of the Human Genome Project were contrary to initial expectations?
Select all that apply.
Ninety-three percent of multi-exon human genes have alternatively spliced forms.
The human genome contains fewer than 21,000 genes.
The human g
Ninety-three percent of multi-exon human genes have alternatively spliced forms.
The human genome contains fewer than 21,000 genes.