Unit 9

A function of the skeletal system is ___, giving structure to the body and places for tendons and ligaments to attatch

structure

A function of the skeletal system is _____ that provides something for muscles to pull against.

movement

The function of ____ for the skeletal system provides a shell for internal organs.

protection

_____ _____ means maintaining blood calcium and phosphate levels and is one of the functions of the skeletal system

Mineral homeostasis

______ means making blood cells in red bone marrow and is a function of the skeletal system.

Hematopoesis

____ storage stores triglycerides in yellow bone barrow and is a function of the skeletal system

Fat

An _____ cell is a bone stem cell

osteogenic

An _____ builds bones and comes from osteogenic cells

osteoblast

An _____ chews bone or breaks it down

osteoclast

An _____ is a bone cell that gets stuck in the bone and helps it maintain structure, it comes from an osteoblast

osteocyte

The fiber of the extracellular matrix of bone is _____ (type I)

collagen

The ground substance of the extracellular matrix of bone is ____

hydroxyapatite

collagen+hydroxyapatite=______ material

composite

Collagen is a ______ material

organic

Hydroxyapatite is an _______ material

inorganic

_______ imperfecta means brittle bones and occurs if there is too much hydroxyapatite in the bones

Osteogenesis

Rickets (children) or _____ (adults) means soft bones and occurs if there is too much collagen in the bones

Osteomalacia

The basic structural unit of compact bone is an _____

osteon

Osteons are made of _______ layers of lamellae

concentric

_____ hang out in lacunae within the lamellae of the osteon

osteocyte

_____ are like little canals that connect osteocytes chillin in their lacunae to each other and to the central canal

canaliculi

The ___ ___ is like a little hole in an osteon for blood and lymphatic vessels to run through

central canal

______ canals connect all the central canals to each other and get blood flow from the periosteum

perforating

Compact bone is found on the ____ of the bone

outside

Spongy bone is found on the ___ of the bone

inside

____ is the structural unit of spongy bone

trabeculae

_____ just means layers of bone

lamellae

Spongy bone has no _____ canal

central

Spongy bone has ____ organized lamellae

loosely

Spongy bone has osteoblast and osteoclast on the ____

surface

____ bone lines the medullary cavity of long bones

spongy

In the holes between the trabeculae ____ bone marrow is found

red

Yellow bone marrow is found in the _____ cavity

medullary

____ cartilage is for smoothness found where things connect and articulate

hyaline

____ is for strength and is found in the pubic symphysis and the vertebral discs

fibrocartilage

___ cartilage is bendy and then goes back to place and is found in ears and the epiglottis

elastic

Dense ___ connective tissue is strong in one direction and is found in ligaments and tendons

regular

Ligaments connect ___ to bone

bone

Tendons connect ___ to bone

muscle

Dense ____ connective tissue gives strength in all directions and is found in the periosteum and endosteum

irregular

____ is a thin layer of dense irregular tissue that surround the bones

Periosteum

The epiphyseal plate is also known as the ____ plate, this is where the primary and secondary ossification centers meet

growth

A growth or epiphyseal plate is found in _____

kids

A growth of epiphyseal line is found in ____

adults

Endochondral ossification is used for ____ bones and has 3 ossification centers

long

Intramembranous ossification is used for ____ bones and has multiple ossification centers

flat

The epiphyseal plate is controlled by ____ (acronym)

HGH

Ossification starts with ___ and turns it to bone

cartilage

______ is the hormone that helps more calcium be absorbed by the intestines

calcitriol

_____ is the hormone that tones up the bones by taking calcium from the blood to put in the bones

calcitonin

____ is the hormone that takes calcium from the bones and puts it in the blood (acronym)

PTH

Calcitonin is secreted by the _____

thyroid

PTH is secreted by the _____

parathyroid

Calcitriol is secreted by the ____

kidneys

_____ is when there is too much calcium in the blood

hypercalcemia

______ is when there is not enough calcium in the blood

hypocalcemia

____ means knuckle and is found where bones articulate

condyle

____ means on top of knuckle and muscles attach to these points

epicondyle

_____ means runner and are large projections like your hip pokey outy

trochanter

____ means ditch

fossa

____ means window and is found is the hole in the skull

foramen

_____ is a big potato shape projection

tuberosity

____ is a little potato shape projection

tubercle

_____ is a pokey outy

process

____ is a sharper pokey outy

spine

___ is smooth surface for something to articulate on

facet

____ means pulley found where things articulate

trochlea

____ are round projections that articulate

head

_____ is a hollow tube

meatus

____ is a groove

sulcus

____ is a narrow slit

fissure

The ____ skeleton is composed of the skull, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum

axial

There are ___ cervical vertebrae

7

There are ____ thoracic vertebrae

12

There are ____ lumbar vertebrae

5

There sacrum and coccyx have ____ vertebrae

fused

C3-C7 have ____ processess

bifid

C____ is vertebra prominens

7

Ribs 1-7 are ____ ribs

true

Ribs 8-10 are ____ ribs but connect to rib 7 to the sternum

false

Ribs 11-12 are ___ because they are false ribs that don't connect to the sternum

floating

_____ are bands of fibrocartilage that connect skull bones in babies

fontanels

The ____ skeleton is the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle

appendicular

_____ means moving away from the midline of the body

abduction

____ means moving toward the midline of the body

adduction

____ means decreasing the angle of a joint or bending

flexion

____ means increasing the angle of the joint or straightening

extension

_____ means extending past the point of anatomical position

hyperextension

____ means turn arm up to hold soup

supination

___ means arm turned down, opposite of supination

pronation

_____ means movement making circles

circumduction

____ rotation is rotation away from the midline

external

___ rotation is rotation towards the midline

internal

____ is fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction between tendon and bone

bursa

The name of this cervical vertebrae is ____ or C1

Atlas

This cervical vertebrae is named ____ or C2

axis