A function of the skeletal system is ___, giving structure to the body and places for tendons and ligaments to attatch
structure
A function of the skeletal system is _____ that provides something for muscles to pull against.
movement
The function of ____ for the skeletal system provides a shell for internal organs.
protection
_____ _____ means maintaining blood calcium and phosphate levels and is one of the functions of the skeletal system
Mineral homeostasis
______ means making blood cells in red bone marrow and is a function of the skeletal system.
Hematopoesis
____ storage stores triglycerides in yellow bone barrow and is a function of the skeletal system
Fat
An _____ cell is a bone stem cell
osteogenic
An _____ builds bones and comes from osteogenic cells
osteoblast
An _____ chews bone or breaks it down
osteoclast
An _____ is a bone cell that gets stuck in the bone and helps it maintain structure, it comes from an osteoblast
osteocyte
The fiber of the extracellular matrix of bone is _____ (type I)
collagen
The ground substance of the extracellular matrix of bone is ____
hydroxyapatite
collagen+hydroxyapatite=______ material
composite
Collagen is a ______ material
organic
Hydroxyapatite is an _______ material
inorganic
_______ imperfecta means brittle bones and occurs if there is too much hydroxyapatite in the bones
Osteogenesis
Rickets (children) or _____ (adults) means soft bones and occurs if there is too much collagen in the bones
Osteomalacia
The basic structural unit of compact bone is an _____
osteon
Osteons are made of _______ layers of lamellae
concentric
_____ hang out in lacunae within the lamellae of the osteon
osteocyte
_____ are like little canals that connect osteocytes chillin in their lacunae to each other and to the central canal
canaliculi
The ___ ___ is like a little hole in an osteon for blood and lymphatic vessels to run through
central canal
______ canals connect all the central canals to each other and get blood flow from the periosteum
perforating
Compact bone is found on the ____ of the bone
outside
Spongy bone is found on the ___ of the bone
inside
____ is the structural unit of spongy bone
trabeculae
_____ just means layers of bone
lamellae
Spongy bone has no _____ canal
central
Spongy bone has ____ organized lamellae
loosely
Spongy bone has osteoblast and osteoclast on the ____
surface
____ bone lines the medullary cavity of long bones
spongy
In the holes between the trabeculae ____ bone marrow is found
red
Yellow bone marrow is found in the _____ cavity
medullary
____ cartilage is for smoothness found where things connect and articulate
hyaline
____ is for strength and is found in the pubic symphysis and the vertebral discs
fibrocartilage
___ cartilage is bendy and then goes back to place and is found in ears and the epiglottis
elastic
Dense ___ connective tissue is strong in one direction and is found in ligaments and tendons
regular
Ligaments connect ___ to bone
bone
Tendons connect ___ to bone
muscle
Dense ____ connective tissue gives strength in all directions and is found in the periosteum and endosteum
irregular
____ is a thin layer of dense irregular tissue that surround the bones
Periosteum
The epiphyseal plate is also known as the ____ plate, this is where the primary and secondary ossification centers meet
growth
A growth or epiphyseal plate is found in _____
kids
A growth of epiphyseal line is found in ____
adults
Endochondral ossification is used for ____ bones and has 3 ossification centers
long
Intramembranous ossification is used for ____ bones and has multiple ossification centers
flat
The epiphyseal plate is controlled by ____ (acronym)
HGH
Ossification starts with ___ and turns it to bone
cartilage
______ is the hormone that helps more calcium be absorbed by the intestines
calcitriol
_____ is the hormone that tones up the bones by taking calcium from the blood to put in the bones
calcitonin
____ is the hormone that takes calcium from the bones and puts it in the blood (acronym)
PTH
Calcitonin is secreted by the _____
thyroid
PTH is secreted by the _____
parathyroid
Calcitriol is secreted by the ____
kidneys
_____ is when there is too much calcium in the blood
hypercalcemia
______ is when there is not enough calcium in the blood
hypocalcemia
____ means knuckle and is found where bones articulate
condyle
____ means on top of knuckle and muscles attach to these points
epicondyle
_____ means runner and are large projections like your hip pokey outy
trochanter
____ means ditch
fossa
____ means window and is found is the hole in the skull
foramen
_____ is a big potato shape projection
tuberosity
____ is a little potato shape projection
tubercle
_____ is a pokey outy
process
____ is a sharper pokey outy
spine
___ is smooth surface for something to articulate on
facet
____ means pulley found where things articulate
trochlea
____ are round projections that articulate
head
_____ is a hollow tube
meatus
____ is a groove
sulcus
____ is a narrow slit
fissure
The ____ skeleton is composed of the skull, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum
axial
There are ___ cervical vertebrae
7
There are ____ thoracic vertebrae
12
There are ____ lumbar vertebrae
5
There sacrum and coccyx have ____ vertebrae
fused
C3-C7 have ____ processess
bifid
C____ is vertebra prominens
7
Ribs 1-7 are ____ ribs
true
Ribs 8-10 are ____ ribs but connect to rib 7 to the sternum
false
Ribs 11-12 are ___ because they are false ribs that don't connect to the sternum
floating
_____ are bands of fibrocartilage that connect skull bones in babies
fontanels
The ____ skeleton is the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle
appendicular
_____ means moving away from the midline of the body
abduction
____ means moving toward the midline of the body
adduction
____ means decreasing the angle of a joint or bending
flexion
____ means increasing the angle of the joint or straightening
extension
_____ means extending past the point of anatomical position
hyperextension
____ means turn arm up to hold soup
supination
___ means arm turned down, opposite of supination
pronation
_____ means movement making circles
circumduction
____ rotation is rotation away from the midline
external
___ rotation is rotation towards the midline
internal
____ is fluid filled sac that helps reduce friction between tendon and bone
bursa
The name of this cervical vertebrae is ____ or C1
Atlas
This cervical vertebrae is named ____ or C2
axis