Add-ons
Programs that provide additional functionality to Web browsers.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Part of the TCP/IP protocol for determining the MAC address based on the IP address.
ARP poisoning
An attack that corrupts the ARP cache.
Attachments
Files that are coupled to e-mail messages.
Buffer Overflow
An attack that occurs when a process attempts to store data in RAM beyond the boundaries of a fixed-length storage buffer.
Client-Side Attack
An attack that targets vulnerabilities in client applications that interact with a compromised server or processes malicious data.
Cookie
A file on a local computer in which a server stores user-specific information.
Command Injection
Injecting and executing commands to execute on a server.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
An attack that injects scripts into a Web application server to direct attacks at clients.
Denial of Service (DoS)
An attack that attempts to prevent a system from performing its
normal functions.
Directory Traversal
An attack that takes advantage of a vulnerability in the Web application program or the Web server software so that a user can move from the root directory to other restricted directories.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
An attack that uses multiple zombie computers (even hundreds or thousands) in a botnet to flood a device with requests.
DNS Poisoning
An attack that substitutes DNS addresses so that the computer is
automatically redirected to another device.
Domain Name System (DNS)
A hierarchical name system for matching computer names and numbers.
First-Party Cookie
A cookie that is created from the Web site that currently is being viewed.
Flash Cookie
A cookie named after the Adobe Flash player.
Host Table
A list of the mappings of names to computer numbers.
HTTP Header
Part of HTTP that is composed of fields that contain the different
characteristics of the data that is being transmitted.
HTTP Header Manipulation
Modifying HTTP headers to create an attack.
Man-in-the-Middle
An attack that intercepts legitimate communication and forges a fictitious response to the sender.
Persistent Cookie (tracking cookie)
A cookie that is recorded on the hard drive of the computer and does not expire when the browser closes.
Ping
A utility that sends an ICMP echo request message to a host.
Ping Flood
An attack that uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to flood a victim with packets.
Privilege Escalation
An attack that exploits a vulnerability in software to gain access to resources that the user would normally be restricted from obtaining.
Replay
An attack that makes a copy of the transmission before sending it to the recipient.
Secure Cookie
A cookie that is only used when a browser is visiting a server using a secure connection.
Session Cookie
A cookie that is stored in Random Access Memory (RAM), instead of on the hard drive, and only lasts for the duration of visiting a Web site.
Session Hijacking
An attack in which an attacker attempts to impersonate the user by using his session token.
Session Token
A form of verification used when accessing a secure Web application.
Smurf Attack
An attack that broadcasts a ping request to all computers on the network yet changes the address from which the request came to that of the target.
Spoofing
Impersonating another computer or device.
SQL injection
An attack that targets SQL servers by injecting commands to be manipulated by the database.
SYN flood attack
An attack that takes advantage of the procedures for initiating a TCP session.
Third-Party Cookies
A cookie that was created by a third party that is different from the primary Web site.
Transitive Access
An attack involving using a third party to gain access rights.
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
A markup language that is designed to carry data instead of indicating how to display it.
XML injection
An attack that injects XLM tags and data into a database.
Zero Day Attacks
Attacks that exploit previously unknown vulnerabilities, so victims have no time (zero days) to prepare or defend against the attacks.