The degree of closeness or remoteness someone desires when interacting with members of another group is known as which of the following?
Social Distance
Which of the following best describes the similarity-attraction concept?
Perceived similarity is more important than actual similarity.
Which of the following is one of the five characteristics of minorities noted by Wagley and Harris?
Sense of "Peoplehood
Americans have labeled their major league baseball championship games a World Series even though it is strictly a U.S. profession sports program. This is an example of which of the following?
Ethnocentrism
Which of the following best describes the concept of "race"?
It is a social construction.
Which of the following theoretical perspectives emphasizes that all problems regarding minorities can be resolved through adjustments to the social system that restore it to a state of equilibrium?
Functionalist perspective
Which of the following is meant by "objectivity in research?
Attempting to keep an open mind to any possibility.
Which of the following best describes the way Interactionists would explain conflict among people of different cultures?
The two groups may not share the same definitions or symbols.
Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and this exploitation created tensions and disagreements. Which theoretical perspective is illustrated by Marx's ideas?
Conflict perspective
Social Identity Theory helps to explain which of the following?
In-group favoritism
Which of the following describes the feelings of anxiety and disorder immigrants experiences when encountering a culture much different from their own?
Culture Shock
Which of the following describes the process of settling in an area already containing family, friends, and compatriots?
Chain Migration
Which of the following describes the process that occurs as immigrants begin to adopt some of the values of the host society, adapt others to their way of doing things, but still hold on to some of the values of their homeland?
Ethnogenesis
The Culture of Poverty Theory illustrates a belief in which of the following?
Cultural Determinism
Which of the following is an example of a persistent subculture?
Amish Americans
Which of the following would reflect a policy of pluralism?
Bilingual education
The concept of amalgamation is associated with which of the following theories of minority integration?
Melting-Pot
Which of the following would be represented by Milton Gordon's ethclass groupings?
Subsocieties resulting from the intersection of ethnicity and social class.
Minority group members may find themselves caught in a conflict between their own identity and values and those of the larger society. This is known as which of the following?
Marginality
The fact the cultures owe a substantial debt to other cultures because of the spread of ideas is known as which of the following?
Cultural diffusion
Holding a stereotype about a group would represent an example of prejudice as which level?
Cognitive
The idea that prejudice is learned reflects which theory of prejudice?
Socialization
Janice dislikes working with two minority co-workers in her department and wishes she could be transferred to another department where there are currently no minorities assigned. This illustrates which of the following?
Prejudice at the action-orientation level.
The idea that people's prejudices decrease or increase significantly when they move into areas where the prejudicial norm is lesser or greater is an example of which theory pf prejudice?
Social norms
Denigrating another group in order to justify maltreatment of them is known as which of the following?
Self-justification
Which of the following is true for the Economic Competition Theory of prejudice?
All of the Above
*In times of high unemployment, nativist movements against minorities have flourished.
*The anti-foreign movements always peak during periods of economic depression.
*Many working class and middle class whites feel threatened by blacks en
Hank owns a car wash. He strongly dislikes African Americans but hires them anyway because of legal and social pressures. According to Robert Merton, Hank is which of the following?
Timid bigot
Contact with a group is sometimes known to reduce prejudice, but this contact must meet which of the following conditions?
All of the Above
*The members of the different groups must have equal status in the contact situation.
*Intergroup contact must involve cooperation.
*Intergroup contact must involve the pursuit of common goals.
Research is inconsistent in terms of demonstrating that education reduces prejudice. Which of the following best explains the inconsistent findings?
People practice selective perception of information.
There is a marked contrast between classroom and real-life situations.
Aronson and Osherow's experiments with Jigsaw Classroom indicated which of the following?
The Jigsaw Classroom enhanced academic performance and peer liking.
Living, working, and relaxing within the ethnic community illustrates which of the following minority response patterns?
Avoidance
Shaniqua has a negative self-image because she is a member of a minority group. As a result, which of the following actions is she most likely to take?
She tries to dress like the dominant group to blend in.
According to Michael LeMay, which of the following conditions would make it more likely that a minority group would pursue a strategy of economic accomodation?
Specialized economic niches exist in the economy of the host society.
In Split or Dual Labor Market Theory conflict is said to occur between which of the following?
Higher priced majority group labor and lower priced minority group labor.
Which of the following is true according to Milton Gordon's Theory of Assimilation?
Secondary structural assimilation involves an impersonal public sphere of social interaction.
Robert Blauner believed that his theory of Internal Colonialism could explain the prolonged economic exploitation and rigid stratification system of which of the following minority groups?
African Americans
Which of the following theories present the idea that the ethnic stratification depends on the relative power of the migrant and the indigenous group?
Lieberson's Power Differential Theory
Which of the following represent a majority or dominant response pattern used against a minority group?
Explulsion
Many Korean Americans own and operate grocery stores in the nation's major cities. This is an example of which of the following?
Middleman minorities
Conflict theories of the ethnic stratification attempt to explain minority-majority conflict as a result of which of the following?
Competition and exploitation
Which of the following best describes the rationale for identifying a white culture in the U.S.?
White culture theorists want whites to understand that while culture is based on white domination and white privilege.
The idea of the Anglo-Saxon Core Culture reflects the early cultural, economic, and political dominance of which of the following groups?
English Protestants
An emphasis on English American dominance and the economic exploitation of other nationalities reflect which of the following theoretical perspectives?
Conflict
According to functionalist, large numbers of Irish and German immigrants created dysfunction for which of the following reasons?
The social structure could not absorb/assimilate the immigrants fast enough.
Irish conflicts with Black, Chinese, and German workers illustrate which of the following theories?
Split Labor Market Theory
Federalist action toward the increasing foreign-born population took the form of which of the following?
Legislative controls
New Amsterdam offered an early example of which of the following?
Pluralism
New England French Canadians and Louisiana French illustrate which of the following?
Persistent subculture
Which of the following is an accurate description of life for women in the 19th century?
Women were usually grandmothers by the time they were 40.
The Know-Nothing Movement of the 1850s illustrates which of the following?
Xenophobia
Which of the following represents a consequence of the National Origins Quota Act of 1924?
An end to previously high rates of immigration that lasted until the 1960s.
Which of the following best illustrates the Dillingham Flaw?
An unfair comparison of current immigrants with past immigrants?
Many believed that rapid Americanization of the new immigrants could be best achieved through which of the following?
The schools
Interactionists would suggest a main reason for calls for immigration restrictions on immigrants from Southern, Eastern, and Central Europe was which of the following?
Association of the social problems with these immigrants?
Social problems experience by Polish Americans were due to which of the following?
Culture Shock
Which of the following is true of Italian Americans?
They stressed family cohesion over education.
Slavic immigrants practiced child labor for which of the following reasons?
There was an economic need for their children to work to support the family.
An immigrant group that exemplifies the definition of sojourner would be which of the following?
Greeks
Which of the following was responsible for the prominence of Hungarians?
Participation in labor unrest.
Assimilation due to labor organizations, housing codes, acculturation, and upward mobility might all be emphasized from which theoretical viewpoint?
Functionalist
Which of the following statements is true regarding Native Americans?
Tribes vary considerably in terms of economic success.
Which of the following is true of tribal sovereignty?
None.
*Tribal sovereignty is a relatively recent concept that emerged after passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.
*State governments have been supportive of tribal sovereignty because they do not want the responsibility of overseeing the reser
Poor, but possessing large tracts of isolated land, Native Americans in recent decades have seen their reservations recommended as radioactive waste dump sites. This is an example of which of the following?
Environmental racism.
In the mid to late nineteenth century (1850-1880), instead of using annihilation or expulsion to deal with the Native Americans, which of the following policies did the government pursue in the mid to late 19th century (1850-1880)?
Segregation and isolation.
After 1933, Franklin Roosevelt's administration shifted from a policy of forced assimilation to which of the following?
Pluralism.
As a result of Congress's termination of sovereign nation status for Native American tribes, which of the following became responsible for the welfare of Native Americans?
Government bureaucrats
Which of the following represents the rate of suicide deaths among young Native American males compared to the national average?
They are twice the national average.
Efforts to overcome chronic employment among Native Americans have emphasized which of the following?
Employment in tribally own businesses/enterprises.
Which of the following is true of the education of Native Americans?
Native American high school graduation rates are lower than for other U.S. minority groups?
Which of the following is considered the most serious resource shortage for many Southwestern tribes?
Water
Which of the following religious groups has grown the most vigorously in recent years?
Pentecostal Assemblies of God
Which of the following is the largest U.S. denomination?
Catholics
Which of the following has occurred as a result of the ecumenical movement?
Greater dialog between Protestants and Catholics
Which of the following often accompanied Jewish economic success?
Social ostracism
What primary motivation prompted Mormons to move westward from New York?
Expulsion
Which worldwide religion is second to Christianity in membership numbers?
Islam
Which of the following represents a common aspect of all Amish communities?
Their high degree of integration and harmony.
Which of the following is not identifiable as an example of Robert Bellah's concept of "civil religion?
Biblical literalism
Which of the following is true regarding controversies over abortion and school prayer?
They unite people of many different faiths in a common cause.
Which of the following represents the functionalist view of religion?
It provides meaning and purpose to people's lives.
Myths about Black racial inferiority are said to have originated from which of the following?
Plantation owners and others in the U.S., who wanted to rationalize slavery.
Which of the following is true for blacks in the North and the South?
*There were nearly half a million free blacks in the South by 1860.
*Northern blacks had considerable difficulty achieving economic security.
What is an example of the subtlety of racism?
Looking at the TV news about inner-city black adolescents' delinquency problems, John thinks that blacks are the cause of social problems in the U.S.
In the early twentieth century, the migration of southern blacks to the North was due to which of the following?
*The existence of Jim Crow laws and poor economic conditions in the South.
*Better educational opportunities in the North.
*More political freedom in the North.
In 1954, the landmark desegregation order covered which of the following?
Schools only
The 1960s sit-ins and freedom rides are examples of which minority response pattern?
Defiance
Which of the following was a measurable impact of the massive civil rights legislation in the 1960s?
The provision of equal life opportunities for African Americans.
Which of the following is true about the number of elected black officials since the 1960s?
The number has increased dramatically.
The National Commission on Civil Disorders said a major cause of the 1960s urban riots was which of the following?
Police practices.
Which of the following is the major criticism against using intelligence tests to compare the capabilities of races?
The presumption that genetic factors explain differences in scores.
Analysis of the age distribution of American blacks and whites shows which of the following?
Blacks have a larger percentage of young people.
Which is true regarding the level of educational attainment reached by African Americans?
African Americans have narrowed the educational gap between races completing 4 years of high school.
In terms of income, which of the following groups has benefited most from all civil rights actions?
The black middle class
Which of the following is true?
-The Dissimilarity index and hyper segregation index measure income and education gaps between ethnic groups.
-In 2000, Hispanics were less segregated than in 1990.
-The highest levels of black-white segregation are in the
In 2000, blacks were less segregated than in 1990.
The phrase, "bi-polarization of black America" refers to which of the following?
The fact that there is a growing middle class in the African American community, but at least one quarter of the African American population still lives in poverty.
According to sociologist William J. Wilson, author of The Declining Significance of Race, black poverty is primarily the result of which of the following?
Social class barriers
Blauner's Theory of Internal Colonialism refers to which of the following?
The large number of African Americans trapped in ghettos.
Which of the following is true regarding African immigrants and black Americans?
They seldom interact due to cultural differences.
Which of the following reflects the conflict view of blacks in U.S. society?
Blacks united to form an effective social movement that changed the existing power structure of society.
Which of the following statements represents the Interactionist view?
Skin color often triggers negative responses about busing, crime, housing, jobs, and poverty.