Who...
- had ideas of natural selection & "survival of the fittest"
-Applied ideas to human society believing under constant competition the best nation would win out
Charles Darwin
Who...
-was Archduke and heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
-his assassination was the spark leading to WWI killed by a Serbian nationalist
Francis Ferdinand
Who...
-was a German emperor
Kaiser William II
Who...
- was the 1st female congress member 1916
- was a pacifist who voted against u.s. entry in both world wars
Jeannette Rankin
Who...
- was a Wall Street investment broker
-The leader of the 'war industries board' in the federal government
-oversaw coordination of industrial war production
Bernard Baruch
Who...
-Journalist
- was a director of the 'committee on public information
-goal to 'sell America' on the war aims and nature of the enemy
George Creel
Who...
-Helped found the 'women's peace party'
-helped found 'women's international league for peace and freedom
Jane Addams
Who...
-The leader of the socialist party in America
-sentenced to 10yrs prison under sedition act for speaking against the war
Eugene V. Debs
Who...
- was an African American community leader supporting U.S. involvement in war
-viewed war as an opportunity to show loyalty and patriotism
W.E.B DuBois
Who...
-General and commander of American forces in Europe
-creator of 'American expeditionary force'
John J Pershing
Who...
-U.S. Republican Senator
-foreign policy expert snubbed by president Wilson on trip to European peace conference
-'Reservationist' who opposed, but with modification could support, ratification of the treaty of Versailles
Henry Cabot Lodge
Who...
-President of the U.S. 1913-1921
-democrat
-formerly professor and president of Princeton university
-encouraged formation of the 'league of nation'
Woodrow Wilson
Who...
-Attorney general under president Wilson
-as leading law enforcement officers used powers to arrest thousands of 'anarchists and radicals'
A Mitchell Palmer
Who...
-Italian immigrants and known anarchists
-Charged with murder and armed robbery - received the death penalty
-many argue they were victims of ethnic discrimination
Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Who...
-President of the U.S. 1921-1923
republican
-campaigned on a 'return to normalcy'
-opposed progressive and foreign involvements
-died while in office
Warren G. Harding
Militarism
glorification of the military, investing heavily in weapons production
contraband
supplies captured from an enemy during wartime
u-boat
German submarine
Lustitania
a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat in 1915
Zimmermann Note (1917)
telegraph written by German foreign minister zimmermann proposing an alliance between germany and mexico against the U.S
selective service act
authorizing a draft of men for military service
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
government agency created to encourage Americans to support the war
conscientious objector
moral or religious beliefs forbid him or her to fight in wars
espionage act
act enacting severe penalties for anyone engaged in disloyalty or treasonable activities
Great Migration
Movement of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North
convoy
group of merchant ships protected by warships
fourteen points
list of terms outlined by american president woodrow wilson
Self-determination
the right of people to choose their own form of gov't
league of nations
world organization to promote peaceful cooperation between countries
reparations
Payment for war damages
irreconcilable
Isolationist senators who opposed any treaty ending WWI that had a League of Nations
Reservationists
a group of Senators who opposed the Treaty of Versailles, to end WWI unless specific changes were included
Influenza
the virus, the epidemic of 1918 that killed millions worldwide
inflation
rising prices of goods faster than rises of income
red scare
fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life
Palmer Raids
series of raids against suspected radicals and communists
creditor nation
country that is owed more money by other countries than it owes other countries
Although officially neutral at the start of WWI, how did the war affect American society?
-Many Americans took sides.
- American business profited from trading war supplies.
-Many had relatives in Europe.
-The German invasion of neutral Britain heavily influenced American public opinion against Germany.
What factors led to the American entry into WWI?
-American were on the boat Lusitania but was sunk by German U-boats.
-Wilson began the policy of "preparedness" to ready American for war.
-The national defense act increased the size of the army.
-The naval construction act commissioned the building of a
How did the relationship change between the federal government and the American society?
The fed gov began regulating industrial and agricultural production, worked to shape public opinion, and instituted a military draft.
-Americans were affected by the war through military experiences, the production of goods, and the sharing of info (journ
Explain how the pressure to support the war caused tension and change.
-German Americans and Irish Americans largely opposed the allies.
-Some men were imprisoned for refusing to cooperate w/ the draft. Some would flee and sometimes to other countries (Canada).
-Some thought the CPI limited the right of free expression.
-The
What new social changes resulted from the war effort?
-Women began working in male dominated roles like munitions factories, on the railroad, as telegraph operators, and trolley conductors.
-Army corps of nurses traveled overseas.
-Women gained the right to vote (19th Amendment).
-The Great migration occurre
Explain reasons why Wilson promoted a policy of "peace without victory" and list ways to do it.
-'Peace without Victory' means terms of peace based on equality and common participation would last.
-His 14 points included open diplomacy, freedom of seas, free trade, ending colonialism, reduction of armaments, self-determination, League of Nations.
How did the views of European leaders differ from Wilson?
-European leaders wanted to weaken Germany because they blamed Germany for starting the war.
How did political differences in both the American people and the federal government doom the Versailles Treaty?
-Many German Americans thought the terms were too harsh (war guilt clause).
-Irish Americans were angered because there was no self- determination for Ireland.
-(Democrat) Wilson's treaty submitted to the Republican controlled Senate, who opposed it, for
What are the 4 main causes of WWI? Explain
-Militarism: Glorification of the military, investing heavily on weapon production.
-Alliances: Agreements between countries for mutual military production.
-Imperialism: Political, military, and economic domination of strong nations over weaker territori
What was the purpose of Schenck vs. U.S?
Defining some of the limitations of free speech.
What were the anti-war groups involved in Schenck vs. U.S?
Socialist, anarchist, and peace advocates.
What were Schenck's actions?
He passes out a pamphlet and encourages people to go against the draft.
Question before the court: 13th Amendment v 1st Amendment
He said that the draft went against the 13th Amendment (involuntary servitude) and that he is exercising his 1st amendment right (free speech).
What were the two decisions of the court in Schenck vs. U.S?
1. Wartime circumstances changes the rules related
to the right of free speech.
2. "Clear and present danger" rule.