Interphase
Longest part of the cell cycle
Chromosomes
copied
, appear as
threadlike
coils at the start, then each chromosome and its copy
change to sister chromatids
at the end of phase
Prophase
Nucleus begins to break down
, chromosomes finish condensing
Prophase
Mitosis begins
; centrioles begin to move to opposite ends of cell; Nucleus starts to disappear
Metaphase
Shortest phase of mitosis.
Chromatids attach to
spindle fibers
; chromosomes line in
middle
of cell
Anaphase
Chromatids separate
, begin to move to opposite ends, pulled by the spindle fibers
Telophase
Cell
membrane moves inward
to create two daughter cells - each with own nucleus with identical chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
Cell membrane pinches in center (cleavage furrow) & leaves the cell into two daughter cells
Centromere
Most
condensed
region of a chromosome; where
spindle fiber attached
during mitosis
Mitosis
Cell division when nucleus divides into two nuclei containing the
same number
of chromosomes ending in
2 identical cells
Spindle Fibers
Special fibers made of proteins - connect to centromeres and pull apart chromosomes
Sister chromatids
two identical strands of the same chromosomes
Chromosome (replicated)
During prophase and metaphase, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called...
Centriole
Where the spindle fibers come from during mitosis in both plant and animal cells.
G1 Phase
The cell grows and is just being a cell.
G2 Phase
The cell prepares to divide by copying all organelles & condensing all DNA into chromosomes.
S Phase
The cell replicates/duplicates DNA.
Checkpoints
Happen at G1 and G2 of cell cycle to determine if the cell should divide.
VERY
important to ensure no mutations.
Centromere
Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach.
Autosomes
Chromosomes
not involved
in determining an individual's sex ie eye color, height, hair texture
Sex chromosomes
Chromosomes that contain genes that will determine the sex and corresponding characteristics
Karyotypes:
Photo of chromosomes in a dividing cell organized by size
Binary fission
Process that bacteria cell uses to divide.
Deletion
Removes a chromosomal segment
Duplication
Repeats a chromosomal segment
Inversion
Reverses a segment within a chromosome
Translocation
Moves a segment from one chromosome to another non-homologous one.