Bio Organelles and Functions

Nucleus

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Nuclear membrane/envelope

Functions: surrounds nucleus and controls what goes in and out of the nucleus
Cells: Eukaryotic plant and animal cells

Nucleolus

Functions: Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes; Made of DNA and RNA; Produces proteins by using DNA as a blueprint
Cells: Plant and Animal Cells(Eukaryotic Cells)

nuclear pores

Functions: holes in the nuclear membrane/envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus; Safeguards the DNA
Cells: Eukaryotic/ Plant and Animal Cells

Chromatin

Functions: Threads; Packs DNA inside nucleus and protects it. Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones(any of a group of basic proteins)
Cells: Eukaryotic

Golgi Body (Apparatus)

Functions: Processes proteins and transports them; responsible for the transportation, modification, and packaging of proteins and lipids
Cells: Eukaryotic

Smooth ER

Functions: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes making it smooth; Makes and stores lipids, and removes toxic material like metabolic wastes and drugs
Cells: Eukaryotic

cell wall

Functions: A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. Provides protection of harmful bacteria; makes up shape of cell
Cells: Plants and Prokaryotic Cells

Rough ER

Functions: A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins. Create proteins and lipids
Cells: Eukaryotic

Vesicle

Functions: Small membrane-bound sac. stores and transports substances to and from one cell to another and from one part of a cell to another.
Cells: Eukaryotic ?

Ribosomes

Functions: Makes proteins and are found all around the cell like in loose cytoplasm
Cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Vacuoles

Functions:storage, waste disposal, protection, and growth. storage of substances; Store harmful materials and wastes. Store water as well which helps maintain the pressure of the cell
Cells: Mainly Plant cells but rarely in Animal cells

Mitochondria

Functions: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production; breaks down nutrients to form energy
Cells: Eukaryotic

Lysosomes

Functions :Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts; An organelle containing digestive enzymes; stomach of cells
Cells: Eukaryotic

Chloroplast

Functions: An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs, Green in plant cells; Contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight and use it with water to
Cells: Plants cell and Eukaryotic algae

cell membrane

Functions: A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Centrioles

Functions: Cell organelle that aids in cell division
Cells: animal cells only

Cytoskeleton

Functions: A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
Cells: Eukaryotic

Cytoplasm

Function: A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended; contains molecules such as enzymes which are responsible for breaking down waste and also aid in metabolic activity.
Cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic