which scientist first observed living cells with a simple light microscope?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Which organelle contains digesting enzymes to help break down organic molecules?
lysosomes
Which organelle is used to store, modify and package proteins that will be excreted from the cell?
golgi apparatus
a specialized subunit within a cel that has a specific function
organelle
organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus are called?
prokaryotes
a think later that separates various cellular structures or organelles
membrane
the structural and functional unit of all known living organisms is the _____________
cell
plant cells and animal cells are similar in many ways but only plant cells have a __________ which takes up the majority of the space in the center of the cell.
central vacuole
which organelle contains enzymes that neutralize toxic substances?
peroxisomes
which organelle is responsible for producing proteins that will be secreted from the cell?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
true or false: The cell theory says... 1. all cells come from pre-existing cells 2. cells are the basic unit of life 3. all organisms are made up of one or more cells
true
this cell part stores food, water and minerals
vacuole
this cell part can be rough or smooth. it is the transport system of the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
It is the sight of the protein synthesis
ribosome
this cell part has digestive enzymes
lysosome
which of the following cell parts are found in BOTH animal and plant cells?
Mitochondria and cell membrane
This cell part protects and supports the plant cell
cell wall
one of the smallest organelles found in both plant and animals is used in forming proteins from the information stored in nucleic acids. These small cell parts are found attached to the rough ER. They are also called __________
ribosomes
which organelle stores nutrient and pigment molecules in plant cells?
plastids
This cell part is semi-permeable. It is found in plant and animal cells. In animal cells it lets materials in and out of the cell and provides support for the cell
cell membrane
Which cell structure controls the transport of materials into and out of the cell?
Cell Membrane
Allows only certain molecules to pass through it
semi-permeable membrane
Substances that allow some items to pass but not others is known as ....
semi permeable
Phospholipids in a cell membrane that have more carbon double bonds tend to make the membrane more _______________________
repulsive to water
which of the following are the two parts of a phospholipid?
non polar tails, polar heads
The movement of molecules from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration (may or may not be through a membrane)
passive transport
The process by which a portion of the cell membrane engulfs and takes in a small droplet of liquid material.
pinocytosis
a process that requires the addition of energy
active transport
transports materials across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that material with the help of a carrier protein
Facilitated diffusion
What organic molecules are the plant cell wall made from?
Cellulose
This cell part can be rough or smooth. It is the transport system of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
This cell part protects and supports the plant cell.
Cell Wall
one of the smallest organelles found in both plants and animals is used in forming proteins form the information stored in nucleic acids. These small cell parts are found attached to the rough ER. They are called....
Ribosomes
Considering Osmosis, what would happen to a salt water fish if it was placed in a tank containing fresh water?
the cells of the fish will gain water
An animal cell has reached equilibrium with the solution on the outside, what happens to the water molecules?
they move both into and out the cell equally
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow to reach normal size?
G1 phase
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromosomes get separated from each other?
anaphase
during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes become visible as they form from chromatin?
prophase
when a cell divides, what name is given to cells it creates
daughter cells
The S phase stands for Synthesis. What is being synthesized during this phase of the cell cycle?
DNA
What is the purpose of the spindle fibers during mitosis (Anaphase)?
to guide the separation of sister chromatids
Which of the following cell types can be up to a meter long in the human body?
Neuron
Given the function of a pancreas cell is to excrete Insulin. We would expect the cell to have a large amount of which organelle?
golgi apparatus
given the function that a white blood cell is to break down foreign invaders in the body like bacteria, we would expect the cell to have which type of organelle to aid in its job?
lysosomes
why do muscle cells have more mitochondria than other cell types?
they need to have flexible membranes
What is separated during cytosis?
the cell
The shape of a red blood cell helps the cell perform its function because the shape allows for _______________
more surface area