Exam 4th quarter Study Guide

Cellular Respiration formula

C6H12O6+6O2 ---> 6CO2+6H2O+energy(ATP)

Cellular Respiration Products

Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Energy (ATP)

Photosynthesis Formula

6C02+6H2O+light energy---> C6H12O6+6O2

Photosynthesis Products

Glucose and Oxygen

Cell Membrane

Provides a barrier between the inside and outside of cell

Chloroplast

Organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

A green pigment that absorbs light energy

Eukaryotic

A cell with a nucleus and organelles like plant and animal cells

Matter

Anything that takes up space

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell (where energy is made)

Organic

Molecule that contains carbon

Prokaryotic

A cell with no nucleus or organelles like bacteria

Carbon Cycle

The exchange of carbon between the environment and living organisms

Cellular Respiration

The chemical process where cells use oxygen to make energy from food

Combustion

The burning of a substance like wood or fossil fuels

Decomposition

The breakdown of a substance into smaller molecules

Photosynthesis

The process of capturing the sun's energy and turning it into food

Processes that remove Carbon from the atmosphere

Photosynthesis and Ocean Intake

Process that adds carbon to atmosphere

Combustion, Decomposition, and Cellular Respiration

2 ways that reduce carbon in the atmosphere

Plant trees and stop using fossil fuels

Job of Decomposers

Break Down dead plants and animals while adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Condensation

Change of state from a gas to a liquid

Denitrification

Process bacteria uses to change nitrates into nitrogen gas

Evaporation

Change of substance from a liquid to a gas

Infiltration

Water moves deep into soil

Nitrogen Fixation

Process bacteria uses to change nitrogen gas into nitrates

Precipitation

Any form of water that falls to Earth from the clouds

Transpiration

Process when plants release large amounts of water vapor

How do animals get Nitrogen?

By eating plants or by eating animals that eat plants

How does nitrogen get into soil?

Rain and lightning puts nitrogen into the soil

Job of Bacteria in soil

Changing nitrogen gas into nitrates or changing nitrates into nitrogen gas

Ground Water

Precipitation that seeps into the ground and stored in spaces

Runoff

Precipitation that runs from land to rivers and lakes

Biosphere

Part of Earth where life exists

Carrying Capacity

The largest population an environment can support

Coevolution

The change that takes place in 2 species because of there close interactions

Competition

An interaction where 2 or more species use the same limited resource

Ecology

Study of interactions of organisms and the environment

Food Web

A complicated, interconnected group of food chains

Limiting Factor

Resource that is so scarce that it limits the population size

Symbiosis

Close, long term relationship between 2 or more species

Abiotic

Nonliving parts of the enviroment

Biotic

The living parts of the enviroment

Community

All the populations living in a given area

Population

Group of the same species living in the same place

Producer

Organisms that use direct sunlight to make food

Consumer

Organisms that eat other organisms

Herbivore

Organisms that eat only plants

Omnivore

Organisms that eat both plants and animals

Carnivore

Organisms that eat only other animals

Primary Consumer

Also called a herbivore

Secondary Consumer

Also called a carnivore

Food Chain

Shows how energy flows from 1 organism to another

Energy Pyramid

Diagram that shows the ecosystem's loss of energy

Amount of energy transferred between levels

0.1

Predator

The organism that eats the other organism

Parasite

Organism that feeds off the host

Mutualism

Symbiotic relationship when both organisms benefit

Commensalism

Symbiotic relationship between 1 organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Prey

The organism that is being eaten