What is a stem cell?
Cells with the potential to divide into any other cell
What is the difference between somatic (adult) stem cells and embryonic stem cells?
Adult stem cells come from the bodies of adults and Embryonic stem cells have more potential than adult stem cells and come from early stages of development
What molecule in cells stores the genetic information?
DNA
DNA is built of billions of subunits called what?
Nucleotides
During what stage in the cell cycle is the DNA replicated?
Interphase
What are chromosomes and when in the cycle can they be seen?
Coiled molecules of DNA that can be seen during mitosis
What is a chromatid?
One half of a doubled chromosome
Chromatids _?_ during cell division so the two new cells will each receive _?_ chromatid.
Split; One
What is chromatin & when does it exist in cells?
The loose form of DNA; during interphase and cytokinesis
All cells are derived from what?
Other cells
What is cell division?
The splitting of the cell
What two main cellular parts must be divided in the eukaryotic cell cycle?
The nucleus and the cytoplasm
Define mitosis.
Division of the nucleus
What is the cell cycle?
The life cycle of the cell including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
What are the phases of interphase?
G1, S, and G2
What happens during G1?
Cells grows and organelles are made
What happens during S phase?
The DNA is replicated
What happens during G2?
The cell grows
In what stage do cells spend most of their time?
Interphase
What is happening in the cell during prophase?
The nucleus breaks down and the chromosome form
What is happening in the cell during metaphase?
The chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
What is happening in the cell during anaphase?
The doubled chromosomes split into daughter chromosomes
What is happening in the cell during telophase?
The nucleus reforms and the cell begins to divide the cytoplasm
Mitosis is division of the _?_
while _?_ is the division of the cytoplasm., Nucleus and Cytokinesis
How do the new cells formed after mitosis & cytokinesis compare in size & chromosome number to each other and the original cell that divided?
They are identical
The original cell that divides is called the _?_ cell while the two new cells are called _?_ cells.
Parent; Daughter
What is cancer?
Uncontrolled cell division
What are the three reasons we need cell division?
Growth, repair, reproduction
If a parent cell has 46 chromosomes how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have at the end of mitosis?
46
Why is the DNA packaged into chromosomes before cell division occurs?
To protect it
What would happen if the cell skipped metaphase during mitosis?
The resulting daughter cells would not be genetically identical
What are the three parts to cell theory?
Cells are the smallest unit of life and All life is made of cells and All cells come from preexisting cells
Which organelles are involved in protein production? (There could be 3)
Nucleus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is responsible for packing and shipping within the cell?
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle contains the DNA and is like the control center?
Nucleus
What are two differences between plant and animal cells?
Plants have cell walls and chloroplasts
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
The presence of the nucleus in eukaryotes
Why must the DNA be replicated before cell division?
So the cells have the same type and amount of DNA
List the steps in the cell cycle in order.
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis