Unit 3: Matter and Energy in Living Systems

Plants are --------- and animals are ---------

Producers; Consumers

What do producers do?

Capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy to carry out cell processes within the plant.

What do consumers do?

Eats plant matter; obtains the energy and nutrients it requires for cell processes and growth through digestion.

What is photosynthesis?

Process of capturing light energy from the sun and storing it in high-energy sugar molecules.

Who carries out photosynthesis?

Plants, algae, and some bacteria.

Formula of photosynthesis:

6CO2 + 6H2O >>>>> 6O2 + C6H12O6

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide and water

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Oxygen and glucose (sugars)

Where does photosynthesis take place?

In the chloroplasts with stacks of discs called thylakoids containing chlorophyll.

What do chloroplasts do?

Transfer light energy to energy-carrying molecules ATP and NADPH.

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions

What do light-dependent reactions do?

Capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane by groups of molecules called photosystem I and photosystem II

What do light-independent reactions do?

Uses energy from light-dependent reactions to make simple sugars (food for the plant)

What type of process is cellular respiration?

an aerobic process

What is an aerobic process?

It requires oxygen.

Equation for cellular respiration:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 >>>> 6CO2 + 6H2O + heat + ATP

Where does CR take place?

mitochondria (plant and animal cells)

What is the first step of CR?

Glycolysis

What is glycolysis?

An anaerobic process where glucose molecules must be broken down by enzymes into two 3-carbon molecules called PYRUVATE.