RNA
What type of molecule is not associated with a cell's plasma membrane?
Genetic Information
All cells have:
The Golgi Apparatus, Nuclear Envelope, Vesicles
Name three parts of the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell:
3
How many membranes make up a chloroplast?
Both spin (rotate around its vertical axis) and move side-to-side (lateral movement).
A phospholipid molecule in a membrane can:
Lysosome
Which eukaryotic organelle is associated with the breakdown of macromolecules?
Sorting of lipids and proteins and is composed of multiple cisternae
The endoplasmic reticulum helps with what?
Composed of two membranes and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum
The Nuclear envelope is involved with what?
The synthesis of lipids and proteins.
The Golgi apparatus is involved with what?
It is used to alter the conformation of the pump protein.
How is the energy stored in a molecule of ATP used by the sodium-potassium pump?
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Where are lysosomal enzymes synthesized?
The phospholipid tails would orient toward the solution.
Predict how phospholipids arrange themselves when they are placed in a nonpolar solution.
acting as a selective barrier.
A cell's plasma membrane contributes to homeostasis by:
thylakoid membrane
Where are the light-capturing pigments located in a chloroplast?
Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls, and plant cells do.
How do eukaryotic plant and animal cells differ from one another?
the fluid nature of the phospholipid bilayer
What accounts for the ability of vesicles to fuse with different membrane compartments in the cell?
Peripheral membrane proteins can move freely within the cell membrane.
A researcher is using a modified version of FRAP. She has devised a technique that allows her to label all the peripheral membrane proteins with a fluorescent tag, and has bleached a specific area of the cell membrane. After 24 hours, she notices that flu
ATP could be synthesized from ADP + Pi and the number of protons on either side of the membrane would equalize.
What would be the outcome if the pump protein acted as a carrier that allowed protons to move from the extracellular fluid into the cytoplasm?
to help single-celled organisms maintain homeostasis in a hypotonic environment
What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
A micelle is composed of a single layer of phospholipids, have bulky head groups, have a single fatty acid tail.
How is a micelle different from a liposome?
Such shapes maximize the surface area over which nutrients can diffuse into bacteria.
Bacteria are rarely larger than 1-2 ?m in size, and are typically shaped like rods, spheres, or spirals. What likely accounts for the shape and size of these prokaryotes?
Carrier proteins undergo conformational change so that they are open alternately to one side of the membrane or the other.
How is a carrier protein different from a channel protein?
The use of an electrochemical gradient of one molecule to move a second molecule
What is an example of secondary active transport?
There may be a large vacuole in the cell, which allows nutrients to still reach all areas of the cytoplasm in the cell.
A researcher is very surprised to find a prokaryotic cell that is greater than 100 ?m in diameter. How could this be possible?
nucleoid
The genetic material of a prokaryotic cell is located in its:
high solvent concentration; low solvent concentration" AND "low solute concentration; high solute concentration" are both correct answers.
During osmosis, water moves from a region of ______ to a region of ______.
Cell walls are permeable, allowing nutrients to pass through.
Prokaryotes absorb their nutrients from the environment; however, prokaryotes also have cell walls. What can you conclude from these statements?
false
Prokaryotes contain nucleoids, which are similar to nuclei in that they contain rudimentary chromosomes referred to as plasmids. t/f
The shape of the cell would be affected and protein movement in the cell would be affected.
If a cell lacked a cytoskeleton, which of the following would likely be a result?
The grass blade from the mutant plant will appear limp compared to that from the normal plant.
Imagine that you have two blades of grass. One is from a normal plant, and the other is from a mutant plant that cannot produce vacuoles. How will the structures of these two blades of grass compare?
Is increasing
As molecules move down their concentration gradient, from a more ordered state to a less ordered state, entropy:
Choice D., the thermal energy of the environment and energy transferred from molecular collisions in the cell.
Diffusion is best described as the random movement of molecules influenced by:
Hydrophobic; small
Molecules that are _____________ and _____________ are able to move across the cell membrane via simple diffusion.
True
At equilibrium, there will be no net movement of molecules across the cell membrane.
false
Simple diffusion of a molecule down its concentration gradient requires an input of energy to the system. (t/f)
NaCl concentration on side A and side B will each be 2.5%.
A container is divided into two compartments by a membrane that is fully permeable to water and small ions. Water is added to one side of the membrane (side A), and a 5% solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) is added to the other (side B). If allowed to reac
The water level on side B will increase and on side A will decrease.
A container is divided into two compartments by a membrane that is fully permeable to water but not to larger molecules. Water is added to one side of the membrane (side A), and an equal volume of a 5% solution of glucose is added to the other (side B). W
mitochondria
What is not considered to be a part of the endomembrane system?
vesicular trafficking.
Most elements of the endomembrane system are connected by:
in the lumen (inside) of the E.R. ,
Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the endoplasmic reticulum?
in the lumen (inside) of the Golgi
Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the Golgi?
It will be embedded in the E.R. membrane with domain X facing the lumen of the E.R.
Consider a protein that is targeted to be an integral membrane protein on the surface of a cell. It has a specific functional domain (domain X) facing the external environment of the cell. How will this protein be oriented in the E.R.?
It will be embedded in the Golgi membrane with domain Y facing the cytoplasm of the cell.
Consider a protein that is targeted to be an integral membrane protein on the surface of a cell. It has a specific functional domain (domain Y) facing the cytoplasm of the cell. How will this protein be oriented in the Golgi?
It would be in the lumen of the Golgi.
Many cell functions involve communication between cells via molecular signals that must be sent from one cell to be received by a target cell. Suppose the signal to be sent is a small protein. Where would you expect to find the protein in the Golgi?
Carriers can transfer any molecule as long as it is not larger than the diameter of the carrier.
Carriers can move certain molecules across a membrane. Which of the following is not a property of carriers?
False
If a molecule can freely cross the membrane, then at equilibrium there will be no further movement of molecules across the membrane.
require that the molecule specific to the carrier bind and cause a change in conformation.
To move a specific molecule across a membrane, carrier proteins: