______________ STORE AND TRANSMIT HEREDITARY, OR GENETIC INFORMATION.
nucleic acids
What is the function of ribosomes?
To make protein (protein synthesis)
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION (largest to smallest)
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, groups of cells, cells, and molecules
THE ENERGY NEEDED TO GET A REACTION STARTED IS CALLED THE:
Activation Energy
WHAT DOES AN ENZYME DO?
Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy
TRUE OR FALSE-ENZYMES WORK AT EVERY TEMPERATURE?
false-slow down at lower temperatures or too high of temperatures
THE FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ARE:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
WHAT ORGANIC GROUP IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR HUMANS.
carbohydrates
_______________ ARE USED TO STORE ENERGY, AND ARE IMPORTANT PARTS OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES.
lipids
______________ STORE AND TRANSMIT HEREDITARY, OR GENETIC INFORMATION.
nucleic acids
What is the function of ribosomes?
To make protein (protein synthesis)
WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES?
They work best at a specified pH, they are temperature dependent, they are proteins, they can be denatured.
_________ SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN CELLS.
enzymes
______________ ALLOWS CELLS TO PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS.
cell specialization
The cell organelle in charge of storage?
VACUOLE
Which organelles split themselves in 1/2 to digest dead cells or cell invaders?
LYSOSOMES
Which organelle rips the cell apart during cell division?
CENTRIOLES
What organelle is the cell boundary?
CELL MEMBRANE
What 2 organelles are found in a plant cell, but not an animal cell?
CHLOROPLASTS AND CELL WALL
What gives a cell its shape?
CELL MEMBRANE AND WATER
What is the name for a cell that does not have a nucleus?
PROKARYOTE
What is the name for a cell that does have a nucleus?
EUKARYOTE
What is the smallest unit of life?
CELL
The process in which molecules move from an area of large concentration to an area of low concentration is:
DIFFUSION
Diffusion through a semipermeable membrane is called:
OSMOSIS
The concentration of solutes is the same on both the inside and the outside of a cell.
ISOTONIC
The concentration of solutes is greater outside of the cell, causes the cell to dry out.
HYPERTONIC
The concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell.
HYPOTONIC
A single-celled organism. Bacteria falls into this category.
UNICELLULAR
Organisms made up of many cells are classified as this:
MULTICELLULAR
An energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
The organelle in a cell that in charge of packaging and sorting proteins.
GOLGI APPARATUS
Which organelle provides the cell with energy?
MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS
What is the jellylike material that holds the organelles?
CYTOPLASM
What is the control structure of the nucleus?
NUCLEOLUS
The highway of the cell in charge of cell that transports materials.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
What is the main function of the cell wall?
SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
REGULATES WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL
What is diffusion?
THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION
What is the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Which means of particle transport requires energy from the cell?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What is osmosis?
THE DIFFUSION OF WATER ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE.
The process by which a cell takes material into the cell.
ENDOCYTOSIS
The process by which a cell releases materials.
EXOCYTOSIS
What are the levels of organization of multicellular organisms?
INDIVIDUAL CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, ORGAN SYSTEMS
Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food are called:
AUTOTROPHS
Organisms that obtain energy from the food that they consume are called:
HETEROTROPHS
________________ is used by cells as their basic energy source.
ATP
When ATP loses a phosphate is becomes _____________.
ADP
Photosynthesis occurs in what organelle in plants?
CHLOROPLASTS
What are the products of photosynthesis?
OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE
What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER
What is the pigment in plants that gives them their green color?
CHLOROPHYLL
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 ---->6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down:
GLUCOSE AND OTHER FOOD MOLECULES
When oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by _______________.
FERMENTATION
When a process requires oxygen it is referred to as:
AEROBIC
When a process doesn't require oxygen it is referred to as:
ANAEROBIC
The process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells is called:
CELL DIVISION
What is the cell cycle?
SERIES OF EVENTS THAT CELLS GO THROUGH AS THEY GROW AND DIVIDE
Genetic information is also called:
DNA
The process by which a single parent reproduces by itself is called:
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE
The period of growth in between cell divisions is called:
INTERPHASE
Organisms that have two identical alleles (Ex:TT or tt)for a particular trait are said to be:
HOMOZYGOUS
An organism that has two different alleles for the same trait (Ex: Tt) is:
HETEROZYGOUS
Cell division where gametes are produced is called:
MEIOSIS
The genetic makeup of the organism is called the:
GENOTYPE
The physical characteristics of an organism is called the:
PHENOTYPE
Sex cells are also called:
GAMETES
The different forms of a gene are called:
ALLELES
What does a punnett square show?
ALL POSSIBLE RESULTS OF A GENETIC CROSS, THE GENOTYPES OF THE OFFSPRING, THE ALLELES IN THE GAMETES OF EACH PARENT
Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine are the bases found in ___________.
DNA
Adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil are the bases found in _________.
RNA
The backbone of DNA is formed by:
sugar and phosphate groups
What connects the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
hydrogen bonds
What happens during translation?
The cell uses the information from mRNA to produce proteins.
If I have a DNA molecule CGCAGT during replication what strand would be formed?
GCGTCA
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide (the building block of DNA)?
5-carbon sugar nitrogenous base phosphate group
Transcription is the process of _______________.
Making mRNA from DNA
During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed where in the cell?
nucleus
What is meant by evolutionary fitness?
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships found in nature?
Mutualistic, parasitic, commensalism
What is natural selection?
process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because:
ENERGY FLOWS IN ONE DIRECTION AND NUTRIENTS RECYCLE
The different taxons from largest to smallest are:
KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
Which type of fungi harm other organisms while living directly on them or in them?
PARASITES
What type of relationship occurs when both organisms benefit from the association with one another?
Mutualistic relationship
A spider can weave a web without being taught this is an example of....
INNATE BEHAVIOR
Draw a punnett square: A heterozygous (Bb) and a homozygous dominant (BB) have offspring. What is the probability they will have homozygous recessive offspring?
0%
What level of organization is the smallest level that includes different species?
Community
What level of organization contains only 1 species that lives in the same habitat?
Population
What is learned behavior?
Behavior that changes due to experience
What are 3 differences between plant and animal cells?
Plants have Chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole and animals do not
How does energy flow through the following organisms: carnivore, herbivore, autotroph?
Autotroph, herbivore, carnivore