Cell Wall
- a stiff wall that protects the cell, it surrounds the cell membrane and gives the cell a rigid shape
- only in plant cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- soft ER, rough ER
- a network of passages that carries materials around the cell
- in plant and animal cells
Vacuole
- stores food, water, waste, and other materials for the cell
- in plant and animal cells
Cytoplasm
- gel like substance between the cell membrane and the cell organelles
- in plant and animal cells
Mitochondria
- Power House of cell
- where Cellular Respiration takes place
- in plant and animal cells
sugar + oxygen {energy} carbon dioxide + water
Chloroplast
- where Photosynthesis takes place
-only in plant cells
carbon dioxide + water {solar energy, chlorophyll} sugar + oxygen
Lysosome
- Recycling Center of cell
- contains chemicals that break down food and worn out cell parts for the cell to use
- only in animal cells
Ribosomes
- makes proteins which are the building blocks of the cell
- in plant and animal cells
Golgi Body
- receives materials from the Endoplasmic Reticulum, packages them, and sends them out to other parts of the cell
- in plant and animal cells
Nucleus
- Control Center of cell
- directs all of the cells activities including reproduction
- in plant and animal cells
Cell Membrane
- protects the cell by forming an outer barrier
- regulates what materials enter and leave the cell
Archeobacteria
- one celled
- is a Prokaryote (no nucleus)
- producer and a consumer
- they have a cell wall
Eubacteria
- one celled
- is a Prokaryote (no nucleus)
- producer and a consumer
- most have a cell wall
Protista
- one celled
- is a Eukaryote (with a nucleus)
- producer and a consumer
- some have a cell wall and some don't
Fungi
- many celled (except for yeasts)
- is a Eukaryote (with a nucleus)
- is a consumer
- they have a cell wall
Plantae
- many celled
- is a Eukaryote (with a nucleus)
- is a producer
- they have a cell wall
Animalia
- many celled
- is a Eukaryote (with a nucleus)
- is a consumer
- they don't have a cell wall
Cohesion
when a substance sticks to itself
Adhesion
when a substance sticks to another substance
Capillary Action
when cohesion and adhesion are happening at the same time
Surface Tension
the tension at the surface of the water which lets water bugs "walk" on water
Groundwater
water found in the ground
Artesian water
water stored deep underground and it is stored there for a very long time. Ex: Fiji Water
Well water
water taken from groundwater
Spring water
groundwater that is naturally seeping out at the surface
Surface water
water at the surface of the earth
Dilute
to add more solvent to a solution
Concentrate
to add more solute to a solution, or decrease the amount of solvent
Solution
a mixture of a solute and a solvent that is thoroughly mixed
Solvent
anything in which a solute is dissolved (usually water and usually a liquid)
Solute
any substance that dissolves into the solvent (usually a solid)
Dissolve
a physical mixing of two sustances
Sensory Threshold
the minimum concentration of a substance that a person can detect with one of their senses
increases
heating a substance _____________ molecular motion
decreases
cooling a substance ______________ molecular motion
Conduction
heat transfer from one object to another. materials don't move- just energy. CONTACT.
Convention
heat transfer from one location to another by the movement of fluids (liquids + gases)
Radiation
heat transfer by electromagnetic rays (sun)
Heat
transfer of energy
Diffusion
also called "Passive Transport", the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. No energy is required.
Osmosis
this is a special type of Diffusion--of water through the cell membrane. No energy is required.
Active Transport
the movement of materials through the cell membrane using energy and transport proteins.
Interphase
most of the cells life is spent in this
Prophase
the nucleus disappears, chromosomes appear (wind up)
Metaphase
middle, chromosomes line up in the middle
Anaphase
chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase
new nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes unwind, cell splits in two