Aerobic
Requiring the presence of oxygen
Anabolism
The building of molecules
Anaerobic
Requiring the absence of oxygen
Catabolism
The breaking down of molecules
Cellular Metabolism
Complex sequences of controlled biochemical reactions that occur in living
organisms in order to maintain life
Cellular Respiration
The chemical process that changes food (chemical energy) into ATP (cellular
energy).
Chemical Energy
Energy stored in the bonds of molecules
Citric Acid Cycle
(Krebs Cycle)
Cyclic Cycle that generates High-Energy Electron Carriers through the
breakdown of pyruvic acid
Electromagnetic
Radiation
All forms of energy released by the sun
Endergonic Reactions
Reactions that store energy and yield products that are rich in potential
energy
Energy
The capacity to do work or rearrange matter
Energy Coupling
Process of using an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
Energy of Activation
The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction
will begin
Entropy
A thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's
thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as
the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
Exergonic Reactions
Reactions that release energy and yield products that are low in potential
energy
Fermentation
An anaerobic process that recycles High-Energy Electron Carriers
First Law of
Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed
Glycolysis
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Light Energy
Visible spectrum of energy released by the sun
Metabolism
The cell's capacity to acquire, store, and use energy in controlled processes
Mitochondria
An organelle found in both plant and animal cells that conducts the process
of cellular respiration.
Oxidative-
Phosphorylation
A membrane bound process that uses oxygen and High-Energy Electron
Carriers to generate high levels of ATP
Potential Energy
Stored energy; the energy that an object possesses as a result of their
location or molecular structure
Respiration
Process of exchanging carbon dioxide and oxygen
Second Law of
Thermodynamics
During every energy transfer or transformation, some energy becomes
unusable
Substrate-Level
Phosphorylation
A enzymatic process that generates low levels of ATP without the use of
oxygen
Thermal energy
measurement of random molecular movement