Aversive Counterconditioning
A form of treatment where pairing a tremulous or behavior with an aversive or unpleasant stimulus reduces the attractiveness of that particular stimulus or behavior
Behaviorism
A method or theory of learning focused on the stimulus and responses of behavior
Chaining
Linking behaviors in a series resulting in each behavior being both the reinforcement (or consequence) for the previous behavior, and the stimuli (or antecedent) for the next behavior.
Classical Conditioning
A method of learning by pairing a neutral (conditioned) stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus which then induces a reflex or response. Eventually the neutral (conditioned) stimulus evokes the reflex or response whether or not the unconditional stimulus
Conditioned response
The response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus resulting from pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, this classical conditioning.
Conditioned Stimulus
A neutral Stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning
Contingency
Reinforcement is dependent on the completion of the desired behavior
EMDR
Eye Movement desensitization and reprocessing used for client dealing with traumatic memories or PTSD. Client processes traumatic memories while at the same time focusing on external stimulation such as lateral eye movement or audio stimulation (e.g. hand
Exposure Therapy
Similar to systematic desensitization, but results are quicker. Ex: vivo desensitization and flooding.
Extinction
IN operant conditioning, when reinforcement is suspended after a response, the behavior decreases. In classical conditioning, the conditioned response eventually fades after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly followed without the unconditioned stimulu
Flooding
a behavioral technique used to treat phobias in which the client is treated through prolonged imaginal or in vivo exposure to the fear stimulus until the extinction of the response (anxiety/fear)
Generalization
Behaviors learned in one scenario or context are transferred to a similar but not identical situation.
Modeling
Learning occurs as a result of observing the behaviors of others
Negative reinforcement
A behavior or response is strengthened when an unpleasant stimuli is removed after a specific behavior has occurred. A person is motivated to display a certain behavior to avoid an unpleasant experience or condition.
Operant Conditioning
the use of consequences or reinforcement to learn a new behavior (response) or strengthening of an existing response. A method of learning extensively research by B.F Skinner.
Positive Reinforcement
A behavior or response is followed by a pleasant stimuli or reward, which evokes a desired response and then increases the frequency of that behavior.
Punishment
A undesireable stimulus or removal of a desirable stimulus occurs after a certain behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior.
Reinforcement
A consequence or stimulus that follows a response or behavior that causes that particular behavior to increase.
Shaping
In operant conditioning, a desired behavior can be progressively developed trough repeated reinforcement of behaviors that are closer to the desired outcome.
Spontaneous recovery
In classical conditioning, after extinction, if the conditioned stimulus is again presented, the conditioned response is spontaneously elicited
Stimulus
An event or experience in the environment that triggers a response
Systematic desensitization
A technique used to treat phobia and other anxiety provoking behaviors by pairing an anti-anxiety producing stimulus (phobia or trigger) with relaxing-producing stimulus. Gradually the individual lessens the sensitivity to the anxiety-producing stimulus t