Combined Mobility & Firepower Kill does what?
Makes the vehicle Non-Combat Effective
Fire Commands provide a ____________________ for all Direct Fire Engagements.
Standard Basis
Requires a unit to acquire the enemy and mass the effects of fires rapidly to achieve decisive results in the close fight
Effective Fire Control
5 KEY FACTORS in determining the Weapon & Ammo that should be employed
Target Type
Range
Exposure
Weapons/Ammo Availability
Desired Target Effects
When can a CORRECTION be made for a Fire Command?
Before the Command of Execution
Who is REQUIRED to Terminate the Fire Command?
Vehicle Commander
What are the Negative Effects of Target Overkill?
Wastes Ammunition,
Ties up weapons that are better employed acquiring & engaging other targets
2 Direct Fire Adjustment Methods
Reengage
Standard Adjustment
Total Loss of Weapon Systems, Vehicle Mobility and ALL Onboard Equipment
Catastrophic Kill
What can reduce the capabilities of Thermal and I2 Optics and Sensors?
Obscurants, such as:
- Dense Fog
- Heavy Smoke
- Blowing Sand
The Conduct of Fire for any Direct Fire Engagement is contained in the _________________.
Fire Command
What are the 8 Principles of Direct Fire?
- Mass the Effects of Fire
- Destroy the Greatest Threat First
- Avoid Target Overkill
- Employ the Best Weapon for the Target
- Minimize Friendly Exposure
- Prevent Fratricide
- Plan for extreme limited vizibility conditions
- Develop contingencies for d
Supplemental Fire Commands are used specifically for what?
To engage multiple targets with single or multiple weapons
2 methods to determine range to target when the LRF is not available
Known-Range Method
Estimated-Range Method
Simultaneous Engagement
Multiple Weapon Systems
against
One of More Targets
Neutralizing a unit allows the maneuver commander to decide what?
Continue to engage w/ Indirect Fires
Maneuver & engage w/ Direct Fires
Bypass target & proceed with other missions
3 Categories of Assessment of a threat are what?
Destroyed
Suppress
Neutralized
What type of Fire Command is used in MULTIPLE TARGET ENGAGEMENTS?
Supplemental Fire Command
What 3 ELEMENTS are required for a Supplemental Fire Command?
Alert,
Target Description,
Command of Execution
3 Methods to Provide Elevation
Floor / Roof
High/Low
Terrain Level
5 Elements of a SUBSEQUENT FIRE COMMAND?
Alert (required)
Deflection Correction
Range Correction
Method Correction
Controls Correction
Exection (required)
Termination (required)
What are the 4 levels of Destruction?
Mobility Kill,
Firepower Kill,
Combined Mobility & Firepower Kill,
Catastrophic Kill
3 Types of Fire Commands
Initial
Subsequent
Supplemental
2 distinct ways multiple weapon system engagements can be executed?
Sequential,
Simultaneous
The overall GOAL of Destruction
a CATASTROPHIC KILL
6 examples of the
Command of Execution
FIRE
ON THE WAY
FIRE and ADJUST
SUPPRESS
FIRE, FIRE (weapon/ammo)
FIRE, FIRE (weapon/ammo) and ADJUST
When must the VC announce a sensing?
Before any Subsequent Fire Command,
Before any Supplemental Fire Command,
Before Terminating Engagements
What are the 3 Basic Components of Fire Commands?
TYPES
ELEMENTS
TERMS
When is a threat NEUTRALIZED?
When it is temporarily taken out of the battle
What type of Fire Command directs the firing element to continue engaging the same target?
Subsequent Fire Command
Primary objective of Suppressive Fires
To get the enemy to keep their heads down, which reduces the shoot, move and observation capability in their surroundings.
5 general methods to describe direction to the Firer
CLOCK
SECTOR or QUADRANT
TRAVERSE
REFERENCE POINT
DESIGNATE
What are the destruction Indicators
Vehicle stops moving,
Vehicle stops firing,
Vehicle is smoking from what appears to be internal damage,
Vehicle explodes,
Crew abandons vehicle
What is the MINIMUM standard of Destruction?
At least a MOBILITY or FIREPOWER kill
What type of Fire Command initiates a Direct Fire Engagement?
Initial Fire Command
What are the 5 TERMS used for Fire Commands?
Response,
Sensing/Assessment ,
Modifiers,
Clarification,
Movement
All types of Fire Commands, regardless of the firer, are required to have what element of the Fire Command?
Target Description
3 Fire Pattern Techniques are?
Frontal,
Cross,
Depth
Firepower Kill does what?
Prevents a vehicle's ability to use its weapon system
If the enemy's engagement cycle is interrupted ...
the threat is SUPPRESSED
WEAPONS TIGHT
Engage only targets positively identified as ENEMY
Examples of contingencies for DIMINISHED CAPABILITIES include designating certain vehicles or systems to engage targets due to ...
- Ammunition Shortages / Weapons Malfunctions
- Inherent Weapon Effective Range or Firepower Capability
- Vehicle Fire Control System malfunctions
- Available sensors & optics that provide clear advantage & maximum stand-off
11 techniques for the Collective Method of Engagements?
- Target Array
- Fire Pattern
- Engagement Priorities
- Point Fire
- Area Fire
- Simultaneous Fire
- Alternating Fire
- Observed Fire
- Sequential Fire
- Time of Suppression
- Recon by Fire
What entails focusing fires at critical points and distributing the effects
Mass the Effects of Fire
When are modifier terms used?
When multiple targets are presented
What provides the BEST cover from kinetic energy direct-fire munitions?
Natural or Man-Made Defilade
The accurate assessment of the Effects of Fire does what?
Determines further course of action
How many elements are in a Standard Fire Command?
9
when firers use only the amount of fire required to achieve necessary effects they are trying to do what?
Avoid Target Overkill
Engage only if engaged or ordered to engage
WEAPONS HOLD
When is range NOT required in the Fire Command?
When the LRF is operational
The goal of the Simultaneous Engagement
To mass effective fires on one or more targets in a synchronized manner
Sequential Engagement
One or more weapons
against
Multiple targets in a sequential manner
Mobility Kill does what?
Degrades a vehicle's ability to move under its own power
But still maintains the ability to use its weapon systems
Fire Commands come in what 2 forms?
STANDARD
REDUCED
3 purposes of Suppression Fire
- Kill or destroy threats quickly
- Stop the threat's engagement process
- To allow the maneuver force to close in on the threat position and provide more accurate fires
All Direct Fire Engagements are initiated with a ______________.
Initial Fire Commands
Engagement Criteria
A specific set of conditions that dictate initiation of fires
All types of Fire Commands begin with what?
ALERT
2 common administrative means to CEASE FIRE
- CEASE FIRE, FREEZE
- CHECK FIRE
WEAPONS FREE
Engage targets NOT positively identified as FRIENDLY
5 Sensings
- Doubtful
- Lost
- Over
- Short
- Target
3 weapons control status
- Weapons HOLD
- Weapons TIGHT
- Weapons FREE
What are the 9 elements of a Standard Fire Command?
Alert
Weapon / Ammo
Target Description
Direction / Elevation
Range
Method
Controls
Execution
Termination
What is the standard adjustment for both elevation and deflection?
No less than a one-half target form
or
More than one target form
Who is the only person that is authorized to announce a Command of Execution?
Vehicle Commander
when targets are arrayed in front of the unit in a lateral configuration what type of fire is this?
Frontal Fires
When targets are arrayed laterally across the unit's front in a manner that permits diagonal fires at the enemy's flank or obstructions prevent unit weapons from firing frontally, is Defined as what?
Cross Fires