Require that script writers place comment lines inside the scripts using the # symbol to begin each comment line.
Your organization routinely uses scripts, but as some employees have left, there are scripts that contain only command lines and no one is certain of their purpose.What steps can be taken to ensure a way for others to know the purpose of a script?
Bash
csh
zsh
Which of the following shells enables the use of scripts? (Choose all that apply.)
alias l=" ls -a
You frequently use the command ls -a and want to save time by just entering l to do the same thing.Which of the following commands enables you to set your system to view hidden files by only entering l ?
sh -v
sh -x
You have written a script, but when you run it there is an error. Which of the following commands can you use to debug your script? (Choose all that apply.)
trap
You have written a shell program that creates four temporary files.Which of the following commands can you use to remove these files when the script has completed its work?
case
Which of the following commands works well for menus used in a script? (Choose all that apply.)
echo $PATH
You are currently in the source directory, which is the new directory you have just created for storing and running your scripts.You want to make certain that the source directory is in your default path.Which of the following commands enables you to view
You did not give all users in your department execute permission for that script.
You have created a script for use by your entire department in a commonly accessed directory. Only you are able to run the script, which works perfectly.Which of the following is likely to be the problem?
more account[ a,b,c,d,e ]
Your current working directory contains a series of files that start with the word "account" combined with a, b, c, d, and e, such as accounta, accountb, and so on. Which of the following commands enables you to view the contents of all of these files? (C
if
For which of the following logic structures used within a script is fi the final line for that logic structure? (Choose all that apply.)
!
<
%
*
Which of the following are examples of arithmetic or relational operators? (Choose all that apply).
You need to use the export command so these variables have global use.
You have created a series of scripts that use the same environment variables. However, when you run these scripts, some of them do not seem to recognize the environment variables you have set. What is the problem?
Enter the command, set -o noclobber before you start.
You have spent the last two hours creating a report in a file and afterwards you use cat to create a new file. Unfortunately the new file name you used was the same as the name you used for the report, and now your report is gone.What should you do next t
OSTYPE
You have remotely logged into a computer running UNIX or Linux, but you are not certain about which operating system you are using. However, when you display the contents of the variable it shows which operating system you are using.
printenv
What command can you use to view the environment and configuration variables already configured on your system?
let x=5*9
let x=y+10
let m=12/4
let r=128-80
Which of the following are valid expressions? (Choose all that apply.)
do
When you type for wood maple spruce oak pine at the command line and then press Enter, what should you type next at the > prompt?
myfiles='ls -l'
You want to store a long listing of your files in a variable called myfiles.Which of the following commands enables you to do this?
There should be a dollar sign in front of selection, as in "$selection
What error is in the following script code?
case "selection" in
" i ") ./listscript ;;
" ii ") ./numberscript ;;
" iii ") ./findscript ;;
esac
sh -n value
You are working with a colleague on a script called value that updates several files.You want to test the script, but not update the files. Which of the following commands can you use?
You have placed the directory from which you run the scripts in your PATHvariable.
You only have to enter the name of a script to have it run, such as entering myscript. What setting enables you to do this?
absolute path to user's home directory
What would you expect to find in the HOME environment variable?
compiler converts the code into machine language in a separate file. An interpreter takes commands or code to run on the spot.
What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
tput cup 10 15
What command would you use to place the cursor in row 10 and column 15 on the screen or in a terminal window?
-The login script runs each time you log into your account.
-The login script can include commands, such as aliases and the set -o noclobber command, that take effect as soon as the script runs and that last for the duration of the login session.
What is the purpose of a login script?
True
You should omit spaces when you assign a variable without using single or double quotation marks around its value.(T/F)
Bash
The ____ shell, when compared to the other shells, has a more powerful programming interface.
source
A program's high-level language statements are stored in a file called the ____ file.
case
The ____ statement simplifies the selection of a match when you have a list of choices.
symbolic name
A ____ is a name consisting of letters, numbers, or characters and is used to reference the contents of a variable.
trap
The ____ command is useful when you want your shell program to automatically remove any temporary files that are created when the shell script runs.
False
You use the chexec command to indicate that a (shell script) file can be executed.(T/F)
chmod 755
____ gives the owner read, write, and execute permissions.
glob
Wildcard characters are also known as ____ characters.
watchit&
You have obtained a new utility, called watchit, to monitor security on your computer, and you decide to run the utility in the background. Normally, to start the utility you would enter watchit at the command line. Which of the following commands enables
df
You've obtained over a hundred large graphics files to use in publications, but you want to be sure there is enough available disk space on your computer to store these files.Which of the following commands should you use?
dd if=promotion of=promotion_uppercase conv=ucase
Your company is launching a marketing campaign, and to start, you've created a file called promotion in normal uppercase and lowercase letters that will be used to place text for ads on the Internet and in newspapers.When you show the promotional text to
a file
a partition of directories and files
a directory
a subdirectory
Which of the following can you restore from a backup tape made via the dump command? (Choose all that apply.)
Samba
Your network has a combination of Linux and Microsoft Windows computers.There is a Windows server that offers shared files for clients to access.Which of the following enables you to access the shared files from your Linux computer?
uptime
You help manage the Linux server for your department. Right now the server has no protection against power failures and there have been several power failures recently.To help make your case for a power protection device, you want to keep track of the amo
free
You've purchased a new program for your computer, but the computer seems to slow down when you run the program.Which of the following commands enables you to monitor the memory usage as you run the program so you can determine if the program is a memory h
du -h | more
You are working on a report about disk usage on your company's server to help determine if it is time to purchase additional disks.Which of the following commands enables you to obtain disk usage statistics for your report?
SH
When you create a section name in a man page, such as the DESCRIPTION section, what tag should you use just before the section name?
0
5
Which of the following are levels of backups that can be made with the dump command? (Choose all that apply.)
Use the -f option
How can you specify which device to use for a restore from a backup tape created by the dump command?
New or unopened messages begin with an N or a U
You've opened your mail on the company's server by using the mail command. Several messages are listed. How can you tell which ones are new or unopened messages?
ping
You suspect that your computer's connection to the network is not working because you don't seem to be able to connect to the Internet through the network.Which of the following commands can help you determine if your connection is working? (Choose all th
portmap
You are setting up NFS to share files on the network from your Fedora Linux computer.Which of the following is a service that must be running to enable you to use NFS for sharing files?
service
What is the command that you can use (from root) to start the service mentioned in Question 14?
It is the "OR" operator
In the following command, what is the purpose of -o? find . "( " -name a.out -o -name core ")
traceroute
You have a small network in your business with just a few network devices connected along with 22 Linux computers and you want to see how efficiently your network is designed.Which of the following commands can you use from different computers to determin
ps
Your computer is slowing down because you've started a process that is taking most of the memory and CPU resources.Which of the following commands enables you to find the process id so you can stop that process?
kill
Which of the following commands enables you to stop the process mentioned in Question 18?
groff
Your colleague is creating a new man page to document a manufacturing process used by your company. She wants to be able to quickly view the man page as she works on it so that she can have other people view it before copying the man page into production.
ifconfig
A user on your network has received an error message that there is another computer on the same network using the same IP address, so the user cannot access the network.You send out a message to the 18 Linux users on your network to ask that they check th
a. Network protocol communications
b. Network connections established by the host computer
c. Network routing information
d. Information about computers remotely logged onto the host computer
e. Data and communications errors
Name types of information that you can obtain using netstat.(Choose all that apply)
The top command enables the user to monitor CPU-intensive tasks. A process/task can be stopped when you enter the k command and provide the PID.
What is the purpose of the top command and how can you use it to stop a process?
a. /etc/exports
b. /etc/hosts.allow
c. /etc/hosts.deny
Name some files that should be modified for security when using NFS. (Choose all that apply).
du
You are gathering information about the amount of disk space occupied by users' home directories.
SMB
Samba is a utility that uses the ____ protocol, which is also used by Windows systems for sharing folders and printers.
netstat
The ____ utility gathers statistics and information about IP communications on a computer.
RPC
A(n) ____ enables services and software on one computer to use services and software on a different computer.
iptables
The ____ utility manages a firewall and packet filtering.
1024
The df utility reports the number of ____-byte blocks that are allocated, used, and available; the percentage used; and the mount point-for mounted file systems.
top
The ____ command displays a listing of the most CPU-intensive tasks, such as the processor state, in real time (the display is updated every five seconds by default).
False
Most computers store text using EBCDIC codes.(T/F)
True
Unlike top, the free utility runs and then automatically exits.(T/F)
-C
The ____ option of the ispell utility is used to ignore concatenated words.
dd
Possessing a rich set of options that allow it to handle copies when other methods are inappropriate, the ____ command can handle conversions to and from legacy EBCDIC to ASCII.
free
The ____ command displays the amount of free and used memory in the system.
traceroute
One use of ____ is to get a general idea of how efficiently your network is designed.
False
An IP address uses a dotted decimal notation that consists of 16-bit binary numbers (octets) separated by periods used to identify a computer or network device and the network it is on.(T/F)
True
When you use restore, by default it copies back to your current working directory.
(T/F)
-q
The ____ option of the ping command displays only a summary of the results.
-It facilitates the exchange of information over the Web.
-It is a protocol or set of rules
Which of the following describes Common Gateway Interface (CGI). (Choose all that apply.)
He should use the eq operator, instead.
Your colleague is writing a Perl script and wants to determine if two strings are the same. He used the = operator, but it is not working properly. What is the problem?
-can be numeric
-can be nonnumeric
-is scalar
In Perl a variable that starts with $, such as $value, (Choose all that apply.)
@
<>
Which of the following operators is used to access data in an open file in Perl? (Choose all that apply.)
-It is popularly used to create reports, such as business reports.
-It can be used to manipulate text and numeric information.
You are training a new employee and have been asked to help him learn Perl. Which of the following statements can you use to help describe Perl? (Choose all that apply.)
The variable value is less than 2842.
You have created the following expression in Perl: $value < 2842.What does this expression mean?
Should replace "run" with "sub
A programmer in your group has written the following subroutine, which does not work. What is the problem?
run sort
{
if ($a < $b) { -1; }
elsif ($a == $b) { 0; }
else { +1; }
}
The script does not have a beginning line that contains the path to Perl, such as #!/usr/bin/perl.
One of your colleagues has written a Perl script, but it does not run on some people s computers who use a different Linux distribution or who do not use the Bash shell. Which of the following might be the problem?
It performs numeric sorts in Perl.
A colleague at work has overheard you discussing the spaceship operator and is curious about what this is. What do you tell him?
Create a subroutine.
You are writing a Perl script that uses a segment of code over and over again, and you are tired of repeatedly typing in this code. Which of the following should you do?
STDOUT
STDERR
Which of the following are automatically opened by Perl? (Choose all that apply.)
When open (FILEIN, "students") is false.
In the following statement, when is Could not open students file displayed? Open (FILEIN, "students") || warn "Could not open students file \n" ;
<HTML>
When you make a Web page using HTML, what line do you start with to show that what follows after that line consists of HTML tags?
$income = 62,859;
$lname = McGregor ;
Which of the following is an example of a scalar? (Choose all that apply.)
It saves the name of a file passed from the command line in ARGV[0].
You have written the following line in a Perl program: $filein = $ARGV[0]; What is the purpose of this line?
designate a new line
In Perl, the control sequence \n is used to.
.dat
You are creating a data file for an inventory system. Which of the following is a common file extension to show this is a data file?
if statement while loop index jump
Perl supports using which of the following logic structures? (Choose all that apply.)
single or double quotation marks
In Perl, strings are surrounded by which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)
<H1>
You colleague is creating an HTML-based Web page and wants the first line to have the largest heading size, and so he uses the tag .This tag isn t producing the expected result. What tag should he use instead?
@
When you assign values for an array, what character should precede the name of the array?
+ for addition
- for subtraction
* for multiplication
/ for division
What arithmetic operators are used in Perl scripts?
It is the name for an I/O connection and is used to open, read, write to, or close a file that you are accessing.
What is a filehandle in Perl? (Choose all that apply.)
-Awk does not require explicitly setting up looping structures.
-Awk uses fewer lines of code for pattern-matching extractions.
Name at least one difference between Perl and Awk programming. (Choose all that apply.)
variables, constants, scalars, numbers, strings, arrays, and hashes.
Name five data types used by Perl. (Choose all that apply.)
strings
____ are sequences of any types of characters (including numbers that are treated as characters rather than digits).
scalar
A(n) ____ is a simple variable that holds a number or a string.
True
The value of a variable can change while a program runs.(T/F)
-f
If the ____ option is not included, the Awk program uses the first command-line argument as its program.
$
When processing the individual elements of an array, use the ____ character.
localhost
The name of the computer at the loopback address is ____.
$_";
In Perl, print; is equivalent to ____.
hash
A(n) ____ is a variable that represents a set of key/value pairs.
filehandles
The convention is to use all uppercase letters for ____.
||
In Perl, the logical OR operator is ____.
hash
The following example shows a(n) ____ variable: %animals = ('Tigers', 10, 'Lions', 20, 'Bears', 30);
loopback
The ____ feature allows your UNIX or Linux system to access its own internal network configuration instead of an external network.
\Q
The character sequence ____ quotes all following nonalphanumeric characters until \E is encountered.
semicolon
All complete statements in Perl end with a(n) ____.
True
The Awk program does not require the programmer to explicitly set up looping structures as does Perl.(T/F)
Use /
at the beginning of the comments and
/ at the end.
A new programmer whom you are training is writing a C program and wants to place comment lines in the program. Which of the following characters should be used at the beginning and end of the comments?
You omitted the preprocessor directive for the file stdio.h.
You've written a C program, but are now getting an error message about the use of standard input and output statements when you compile the program. Which of the following might be the cause?
'C'
'c'
Which of the following is in the proper format for a character constant? (Choose all that apply.)
math operations
screen operations
file operations
memory allocation operations
Which of the following are performed by functions in the C library? (Choose all that apply.)
specialized system process that runs in the background
A daemon is a .
a.out
A colleague of yours is just learning to use the C compiler in Linux.When she tries to compile a program called first start.c using gcc first start.c she is expecting the executable file to have the name first start, but there is no first start file. What
enum and long are keywords and cannot be used as variables.
You have written a C program using the variables num, enum, sum, and long. When you compile the program you get an error message about using a variable the compiler finds unacceptable.Which of the following is likely to be the problem?
int
double
float
Which of the following are examples of data types in the C language? (Choose all that apply.)
Enter your ID:
Which of the following is the right way to use the string constant, Enter your ID:, in the C language?
main( )
Which of the following functions must be in a C program? (Choose all that apply.)
cout << "File updated.\n";
Which of the following statements enables you to print File updated. on the screen when a C++ program is finished?
-object-oriented programming
-use of classes for specialized programming needs
Which of the following are important characteristics of C++ programming? (Choose all that apply.)
short int
Your program to calculate values in physics requires working with positive and negative whole numbers between -14,242 and 12,528.What data types would you use to work with these numbers in a C program?
counter--;
In your C program, you want to use a while loop and decrement the value, counter, each time the program goes through the while loop. Which of the following operators enables you to decrement the value in counter?
fopen( )
Which of the following functions is used to open a file in the C language?
Use the make utility and create makefiles.
What started as a simple C program has now turned into several program modules asyou have refined it over the past several months.The problem is that now you do notalways remember which modules you have changed at what time.What should you do?
the C++ compiler
What compiler is started by using the g++ command?
feof( )
The programmer you are training wants to write code to determine when the end of a file has been reached. Which of the following can he use?
library
Your C++ program needs to access the system date in different ways. Which of the following enables you to do this?
// Program Name: calc.C
Which of the following is an acceptable way to insert a comment line in a C++ program? (Choose all that apply.)
{
What character shows that you are starting a block of code in the C and C++ languages?
An automatic variable is a variable declared inside a function and local to the function in which it is declared.
What is an automatic variable?
The fgetc( ) function is used to read from a file and the fputc( ) function is used to write to a file.
Name a function that enables you to read the contents of a file and another function that enables you to write to the file in the C language.
Students learn of three looping logic structures: do-while, for and while .
What are three examples of looping logic structures that can be used in the Clanguage?
-Write down the line number of each error and a brief description.
-Edit the source file, moving the cursor to the first line number the compiler reports.
-Within the source file, correct the error, and then move the cursor to the next line number. Most e
Most programmers have to do some debugging of a C or C++ program at some point. Suggest a series of steps to follow when debugging a program. Correct the order of debuging steps.
single quotation marks
When you represent character data in a program as a character constant, you enclose the character in ____.
unary
The decrement operator is a(n) ____ operator.
unsigned
You can use three modifiers with int data types: short, long, and ____.
True
The C language was partly developed to resolve the more lengthy requirements of assembly language.(T/F)
Files
____ are continuous streams of data.
do-while
C provides three looping mechanisms: the for loop, the while loop, and the ____ loop.
False
fgetch() reads a single character from the file and points to it.(T/F)
double quotes
When you use string constants in your C program, they must be enclosed in ____.
local
Automatic variables are ____ to the function in which they are declared.
%f
The ____ format specifier is used to denote a floating point number in decimal notation.
%d
The ____ format specifier is used to denote a signed decimal integer.
Assembly language
____ is a low-level language that provides maximum access to all the computer's devices, both internal and external.
Keywords
____ have special meanings, so you cannot use them as names for variables or functions.
make
The ____ utility tracks what needs to be recompiled by using the time stamp field for each source file.
C
____ is the language in which UNIX was developed and refined.
A menu can be set up and launched from a Panel in GNOME
Your department is developing its own set of marketing applications. In a meeting, a member of the department asks whether a menu can be set up in the GNOME desktop for easy access to the new applications .What is your response?
startx
Once in a while after your system has been improperly shut down, such as during a power outage, it reboots into the command line. After you log in, what command can you use to start XWindow and your desktop?
Nautilus
You want to delete several old files in your home directory. Which of the following is a good tool to use for this purpose in GNOME?
Konqueror
Which of the following is a good tool to use for finding and deleting files in KDE?(Choose all that apply.)
-fvwm -sawfish -kwm -Window Maker
Which of the following areWindow Managers that can be used with XWindow? (Choose all that apply.)
Edit the /etc/inittab file to have the line id:5:initdefault:.
A new inventory specialist in your company inherited a computer that has KDE installed, but the operating system boots into the command line instead of starting KDE automatically. What can the inventory specialist do to have her computer go into KDE autom
applets
K Menu
Which of the following would you find in the Kicker in KDE by default? (Choose all that apply.)
Use a menu option in GNOME or KDE to shut down the computer.
The colleague at the desk next to you has the habit of turning the power off on his computer at the end of the day by turning off the power strip even though he has windows still open on his computer s desktop.Which of the following is a better way to shu
Set up a screensaver and have it lock your computer when it is activated.
Sometimes when you walk away from your desk and come back you find your work associate from a nearby cubicle using the Internet on your computer, because he says your connection is faster. How can you best protect your computer from this type of intrusion
-at the top of the desktop
-at the bottom of the desktop
-on the left side of the desktop
-on the right side of the desktop
In which locations can you have a Panel in GNOME? (Choose all that apply.)
Invoke the window switcher to tile your windows for easier viewing
You currently have four open windows in KDE and are out of space on your desktop. Because you are feverishly working on a project, you need to leave all four windows open and start three new windows to access other data and programs.What can you do to mak
Double-click the icon that is labeled with your account name and the word Home.
When you have the default GNOME desktop set up, how can you quickly access the contents of your home directory?
Right-click an open spot in your current desktop background and click Configure Desktop.
You want to use a more lively desktop background than the one installed by default via KDE. How can you set up a new desktop background?
Minimize Move Calibrate
Which of the following are options available from the Windows Menu button in a GNOME window? (Choose all that apply.)
X11
Another name for the XWindow system is .
-X client
-X server
When you run XWindow over the network for the purpose of running applications on a remote computer, you use which of the following essential elements? (Choose all that apply.)
The runlevel should never be set to 6.
Your new colleague is tuning the performance of her computer and is planning to set the runlevel to 6 to speed it up.What is your advice?
Click the CloseWindow button.
A new user in your organization is just starting to use Linux with the GNOME desktop. She has opened a window, but is unsure of how to close it.What should she do?
Konqueror
Which of the following enables you to access aWeb page from KDE?
-controls how windows appear in the XWindow system
-is the top layer of the XWindow system
-establishes how users control windows in the XWindow system
AWindow Manager does which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)
maximize unmaximize application menu
Which of the following would you find in the title bar of a window in GNOME?(Choose all that apply.)
-Is free software -Can be distributed freely -The source code is available to the public
What is open source software?
XFree86
What version of XWindow has been ported to PC-based UNIX and Linux computers?
.
-An applet is usually a program or that is represented by an icon.
-In the X Window GNOME desktops, an applet's icon can be placed on a Panel or on the Kicker for fast access.
-In the X Window KDE desktops, an applet's icon can be placed on a Panel or o
What is the purpose of an applet?(Choose all that apply.)
GNOME has Nautilus and KDE has Knoqueror. Common actions you can accomplish via both include, view files and folders, create folders, delete or move files and folders, copy and paste files and folders, configure permissions, open a document or program, an
Name a file manager in either GNOME or KDE and suggest five things you can accomplish with it.
Exceed
A popular X server system for Windows-based PCs is ____ from Hummingbird Connectivity.
5
Runlevel ____ is multiuser mode enabling graphical access via X Window.
Writer
The ____ program of OpenOffice.org is a complete word processor for writing short or book-length documents.
False
OpenOffice.org is not available for Windows systems.(T/F)
twenty
In KDE, you can configure up to ____ different desktops.
X client
In X Window network terminology, the system that hosts and executes the program is called the ____.
0
Runlevel ____ shuts the system down.
Konsole
The KDE terminal program is called ____.
applet
A(n) ____ is a small application written specifically to be placed on the GNOME Panel.
Draw
The ____ program of OpenOffice.org is a drawing package for creating graphics and diagrams that supports 3D graphics and multiple formatting techniques.
Math
The ____ program of OpenOffice.org is a mathematical equation tool used to set up and solve mathematical equations.
False
Konsole is similar to the Panel in GNOME and the Taskbar in Microsoft Windows.(T/F)
3
Runlevel ____ is full multiuser mode with network services enabled and nongraphical access.
True
You can transport files between OpenOffice.org and Microsoft Office programs by saving the files with the appropriate extensions.(T/F)
Enter the line #!/bin/bash as the first line in the script
You have been asked to write a script for use by the faculty at the engineering school at your college.The script you write uses the Bash shell, but some faculty members often use a different shell in their work. How can you best ensure that the Bash shel
while test $part!="alternator" ;do
Which of the following script statements accomplishes the same thing as the statement: while [ "$part" != "alternator" ] ; do ? (Choose all that apply.)
the design process
The second step in the program development cycle is ____.
True
The program development cycle begins with creating specifications for a program.(T/F)
/etc/passwd
For your own account, the shell that is set up by default is established by the system administrator in the ____ file.
.bash_profile
The ____ file is run each time you log in or give the command to set Bash as your current shell, but not when you run a subshell.
False
In UNIX/Linux, all shells support the same commands and programming statements.(T/F)
sed
A simple way to delete a record using ____ is with the -d (delete) option.
symbol
Each step in the program is represented by a(n) ____ in the flowchart.
arrow
In a flowchart, a(n) ____ is used to indicate process flow.
tr
To format record output you can use the translate utility, ____.
Load them via your login script
You use the same five shell functions every day and are looking for a way to ensure they are available as soon as you log into your account.What can you do?
Create the .exrc file in your home directory so this file contains the line: set number
Your company has assigned you to revise 22 scripts. Since you use the vi editor, how can you set it to automatically display lines as numbered so it is easier for you towork on these revisions?
CLR=`clear`
When you enter echo $CLR your screen clears very quickly.Which of the following commands must you have entered previously to enable use of echo $CLR to clear the screen?
The tmp directory exists
When you enter test -d tmp ; echo $?, you see a 0 displayed on the screen.What does this mean?
process flow
What does a down arrow represent in a flowchart?
-a for a logical AND
-n for logical NEGATION
-o for a logical OR
Which of the following are examples of Boolean operators used with the test command? (Choose all that apply.)
cat customers | tr "^" ":
You have a specialized data file, called customers, in which the fields in the file are separated by the character ^.You want to view this file with a colon between the fields before you convert it to remove the ^ characters and insert colons.Which of the
test $value -lt 750
Which of the following statements enables you to determine if the variable, called value, is less than 750?
.bash_logout
Some Linux systems use the script to perform the same actions each time a user logs out of her account.
write pseudo-code before you create the actual script
You have recently met with your company's budget committee about creating a script to for producing the same budget reports at the end of each month. Because this is an important undertaking you've started by creating a flowchart.What step should you take
-decision
-document
-data
-magnetic disk
Which of the following are examples of symbols you might use in a flowchart?(Choose all that apply.)
test -w clients
The script you are creating takes data input to use for updating a file. Before taking the data input, you want the script to verify that the file to be updated, called clients,exists and that the script user has permission to write to that file. Which of
input validation
Assume the script you are creating takes data input to use for updating a file. Before taking the data input, which of the following should you consider?
sed -d
Each month your business manually deletes specific records for employees who have left the company.You have been asked to write a script to automate this process.Which of the following commands works well for deleting records in a file?
/etc/passwd
In which of the following files would a system administrator set the default shell used by your account?
( )
Which of the following characters are placed right after a function name when you create a shell function?
{
When you create a shell function from the command line, what character do you enter at the first > prompt just after you declare the function's name?
terminator
What symbol is typically used at the start and end of a flowchart?
0 meaning test is true and 1 meaning test is false
What is an exit status and with what command is it used?