ammonia
When performing an alkaline wave on a client, thioglycolate is joined with what ingredient to create a waving lotion?
glycerol monothioglyclolate
The main ingredient found in an acid wave is:
wrapping hair around the perm tool
The chemical phase of perms involves all of the following EXCEPT:
spiral
The two basic wrapping techniques for perming are called the overlap (croquignole) and:
straight
Which type of perm rod would be used to achieve uniform curls?
wider and more spiraling pattern on the ends
With concave rods the hair on both ends must travel farther than the hair in the center to make one complete turn around the rod, creating a:
fishhooks on the ends of the hair
In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or:
one end paper folder in half
Which of the following descriptions identifies the end paper placement for the bookend technique used during perm wrapping ?
slightly past the first end paper
When using the double paper technique, the first end paper is positioned under the strand past the ends of the hair, and the second paper is placed on top of the strand and:
weaken the curl formation
Water left in the end papers after rinsing the perm solution will dilute the neutralizer and:
tool position
The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is projected while wrapping determines the:
on base
To create the most volume, which tool position should be used?
tension may cause breakage
On base control is not recommened for alkaline perms since expansion is limited at the base and:
off base
Which tool position results in no curl at the scalp and a minimal degree of volume?
position new texture only where it is desired
Zonal patterns, or partial perms, are designed to:
strong disulfide bonds
In alkaline waves, the perm solution chemically breaks or reduces the:
heat
In addition to tension and perm solution what do acid waves use to perform the processing action?
inconsistent curl formation
skipping rods when applying perm solution could cause:
longer processing time
Which of the following steps may be required when perming resistant hair?
potassium
Which of the following chemicals is NOT one of the main ingredients found in most neutralizers?
reduces the swelling caused by the alkalinity
A neutralizer rebonds and restores the disulfide bonds in addition to which of the following?
rinsed
To remove all chemicals after the hair has been neutralized the need to be:
8.0 to 9.5
What is considered to be the range of PH for alkaline waves?
swell
The alkalinity of cold waves causes the hair fiber to soften and:
stronger curl
Alkaline perms produce fast processing times and:
better for use on resistant hair
Which of the following is NOT true about acid perms?
the texture, elasticity and porosity of the clients hair
Which of the following could describe what determines the processing time and proper perm solution?
the less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution
The more porous hair is:
the hairs ability to stretch
Which of the following descriptions does not identify the meaning or porosity?
pre wrap product
To equalize the porosity of highly porous hair it may be necessary to use which of the following products
elasticity
The hairs ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called :
texture
Hair is generally referred to as fine, medium or coarse when analzying which of the following classificatiions?
texture
Hair density does not always correspond to which of the following?
barrier (protective) cream
What is applied to a clients hairline prior to a perm service to protect the skin?
perm rod size
What determins the size and shape of the new curl configuration?
hair that has been colored cannot be permed
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
perviously permed
Before perming, identify the hair has been tinted, bleached, highlighted / frosted or:
rinse thoroughly with cool water
If perm solution comes in contact with the clients eyes or skin which of the following actions should be taken?
place cape between client and chair back
Proper draping procedures for chemical services accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:
gently towel-dried
Prior to performing a preliminary test curl, hair should be shampooed and:
metallic salt
What ingredient in color products could cause uneven curls, discoloration and hair breakage?
30 minutes
When performing a metallic test, immerse at least 20 strands of hair in the prepared mixture for:
record card
After completing a service it is important to update the clients:
perm solution not left on the hair long enough
What is the most likely cause of underpocessed hair?
underprocessing
What could be the cause of weak or limp curls?
curly when wet frizzy when dry
Overprossed hair could be indicated by hair that is:
breakage or dryness
Hair wound on rods with too much tension may cause which of the following:
incomplete neutralization
What could be the cause of perm not lasting as long as expected?
acid
Which of the following descriptions is not a basic relaxer service?
lye relaxers
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are also known as:
hair that has been bleached
A sodium hydroxide relaxer service should not be performed on which of the following hair conditions?
sodium hydroxide
What product should not be applied to hair that has been previously permed with ammonium thioglycolate?
texture, elasticity and porosity
Which of the following conditions determines the processing time and proper relaxer strength to use?
processing time
What does the porosity of the hair affect when working with a chemical relaxer?
mild
When performing a chemical relaxing procedure on porous hair, choose a product labeled:
elasticity
A pull test is performed to check for which of the following conditions:
elliptical
What is the shape of tightly curled hair follicle?
85 percent
What is the optimum percent of natural curl pattern to remove when relaxing?
base cream
What is used to protect the scalp and hairline from caustic chemicals?
brush
The primary method for applying the relaxer chemical is with a :
1/4 '' to 1/2 ''
How far away from the scalp should a virgin relaxer by applied?
allow it to spred upward toward the scalp
Virgin relaxers may be applied away from the scalp because body heat will:
protective cream
To protect perviously treated hair from the chemical product when performing a relaxer retouch service, what should be applied?
tightly curled, coarse textured hair
Super strength relaxer is used for which of the following hair conditions?
mild
Which relaxer strength would be used on healthy , color treated, fine textured of porous hair?
comb test
Which of the following tests should be performed during a relaxer technique to determine if he proper amount of relaxation has occured?
additional smoothing
During a chemical relaxer procedure, if the hair is tested with the back of the comb and there is a minimal amount of indentation, or if the curl pattern reverts or beads, what step may be required?
reharden the hair
An acid-balanced neutralizing shampoo or stabilizer is used after the hair is free of chemicals to :
reform to produce a new curl pattern around perm tools
Which of the following descriptions does not identify a step when performing a thermal reconditioning?
ammonium thioglycolate
Rearrangers are used during a curl reformation process to reduce the natural curl. What is the main ingredient found in rearranger?
two
When performing a curl reformation service, the rod diameter chosen should be at least how many times larger than the diameter or the natural curl pattern?
thinner than normal
During a curl reforming service, what size partings should be used?
protein and/or moisturizing conditioner
What should be applied to the hair to restore protein or moisture lost during a chemical process?
help retain shape of a new curl configuration
The function of a curl activator is to provide moisture and:
prevents scalp irriations
Why should brushing the hair before any chemical service be avoided?
sodium hydroxide
If curl reforming is desired, cut off all hair previously trested with which of the following?
pre shampoo the clients hair
Which of the following is not a step taken when performing a virgin sodium hydroxide relaxer service?
base cream
What is used to protect the scalp and hairline from the sodium hydroxide relaxer product?
a vigorous shampoo
Virgin thio relaxer may be applied after all of the following EXCEPT:
improper rinsing
One of the causes for breakage in the nape after a relaxer service is due to: